Endocrine system - AHS

hyperpituitarism

hyper secrete of pituitary hormones

from tumor → excess bone growth

hypopituitarism

complex metabolic dysfunc, slow grow, under secrete, various causes

hyperthyroidism

over secretion of t3 & t4 from too much ths, goiter, hyper metabolism, thyroid storm

grave’s disease

genetic, autoimmune disease from hyperthyroidism, orbitopathy

simple goiter

thyroid cant secrete enough t3 & t4, endemic or sporadic causes

hypothyroidism

under secrete, insufficient tissue

chronic causes myxedema: low metabolism, goiter, edema, fatal

hashimoto’s disease

autoimmune thyroiditis → hypothyroidism

hyperparathyroidism

high parathyroid hormone secretion → high calcium & low phosphate in blood → kidney stones, weak bones

primary or secondary

hypoparathyroidism

low parath → low blood calcium

uncontrolled facial contractions

diabetes insipidus

insufficient vasopressin from pituitary → kidneys cant hold water, trauma to pituitary

lots of urine

diabetes mellitus

disorder of blood glucose lvls, insufficient

causes hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis

autoimmune, genetic, obesity

type 1

type 2

gestational

other

1: immune-mediated, abrupt, no insulin secretion

2: gradual, limited insulin secretion

gestational: pregnancy, higher risk of 2

other: pancreatic dysfunc from other factors

rheumatoid arthritis

abnormal antibody attacks body cells & tissue, chronic progress inflame of synovial tissue → destruct, deform

flares, remission

stages of rheu arth

1. healthy

2. synovitis: inflame of synovial tissue, bones & cartil erode

3. Pannus: inflamed tissue growth

4. fibrous ankylosis: fibrous connect tissue between joint

5. Bony ankylosis: bones of joint fuse abnormally

rheu arth causes deformaties from:

tenosynovitis, synovitis, tendon rupture

lupus erythematosus

lymphocytes attack cell nuclei

unknown eto

butterfly rash, pain, weight gain/loss, muscles & kidneys

human immunodeficiency virus hiv

infect and destroy t4 lymphocytes

contact transmiss, blood, mother-child

leads to aids

staging hiv to aids

1. acute HIV infect

2. Chronic HIV infect: asymp, pos test, antivirals prolong b4 aids (slows)

3. AIDs: <200 T-cells, opportunistic infect, very ill

Multiple Sclerosis

immune sys attack myelin of neurons & inflame axon

posi eto from herpes

cell attempt to repair myelin → plaques

Myalagic Encephalomyelitis (Chronic fatigue)

extreme fatigue, from infect or immune changes, manage symps

lymphatic lymphedma

accumulation of lymph fluid in interstitial tissue

lymph system cant clear

primary & secondary lymphedema

primary: lymph dysfunc, valve pump failure → stagnation

secondary: from injury, obstruct, parasite