Week 8

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from a lecture on genetics and inheritance, focusing on Mendelian genetics.

Mendel's Laws of Genetics

Principles of inheritance described by Gregor Mendel's laws of genetics.

True Breeding

Organisms that have been self-bred for a long time and are homozygous.

F1 Generation

The first filial generation in a genetic cross.

F2 Generation

The second filial generation in a genetic cross.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles at the same locus on a chromosome.

Homozygous

Having two of the same alleles at a particular locus on a chromosome.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Phenotype

The physical expression, or characteristics, of the genotype.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in a genetic cross, developed by R.C. Punnett.

Monohybrid Cross or Test

Cross involving a single trait.

Dihybrid Cross

Cross involving two traits.

Test Cross

Crossing an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype of the unknown parent.

Particulate Inheritance

The particulate nature of inheritance where traits are inherited in discrete units.

Alleles

Alternative forms of a gene that account for variations in inherited characters.

Law of Segregation

The principle stating that two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Law of Independent Assortment

The principle stating that each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different chromosomes.