Disorders and Disease

Name 3 disorders or diseases of the integument.

Name 3 disorders or diseases of the integument.

• Dermatitis

• Infections

• Wounds

Name 3 signs of dermatitis

• Reddened skin

• Itchiness

• Scabby/crusty skin

Name 2 causes of dermatitis.

• Allergies

• Direct contact with an irritant

Name 4 causes of infection in the integument.

• Bacteria

• Parasites

• Fungi

• Flies

What type of skin infection does bacteria cause?

Pyoderma

What is the biggest concern with wounds and burns?

The body is open to infections

Name 3 treatments for wounds.

• Regular sterilisation

• Buster collars to prevent licking

• Suturing if severe enough

Name 5 disorders or diseases of the musculoskeletal system

• Lameness

• Fracture

• Dislocation

• Joint sepsis

• Arthritis

How is lameness scored?

Out of 10 - 1 being mild and 10 being severe

Name 2 treatments for lameness.

• Rest

• Anti-inflammatory medication

Name 2 treatments of fractures.

• Splint/brace

• Surgery

How is dislocation of a bone treated?

Relocation/resetting the bone

What is joint sepsis?

Bacterial infection of a joint, commonly caused by a penetrating injury

What is a treatment method for joint sepsis?

Flushing the joint to remove bacteria

What is arthritis?

Inflammation of a joint

Name 2 risk factors for arthritis.

• Old age

• Overweight

Name 5 disorders and disease of the nervous system

• Meningitis

• Encephalitis

• Spinal cord injuries

• Equine herpes virus

• Canine distemper

What is meningitis?

Inflammation of the meninges

What is encephalitis?

Inflammation of the brain

What is meningoencephalitis?

Meningitis and encephalitis occurring at the same time

Name 3 symptoms of meningitis.

• Fever

• Neck pain

• Stiffness

What is intervertebral disc disease?

When discs slip out putting pressure on the spinal cord

What is a symptom of intervertebral disc disease?

Loss of function and sensations to regions below the point of injury

What is equine herpes virus?

A virus affecting the nerves of horses

Name 3 symptoms of equine herpes virus.

• Weakness of limbs/lameness

• Respiratory disease

• Abortions

Name 3 symptoms of canine distemper.

• Seizures

• Incoordination

• Twitching

What is the most common preventative method for equine herpes virus and canine distemper?

Vaccinations

Name 3 diseases and disorders of the special senses.

• Corneal ulcers

• Otitis

• Ear mites

Name 3 symptoms of corneal ulcers

• Watering eye

• Excessive blinking

• Holding eye closed

Name 3 treatments for corneal ulcers.

• Buster collar to prevent rubbing the eye

• Topical eyedrops

• Pain relief

What is otitis?

Inflammation of the ear canal

Name 2 potential causes of otitis.

• Bacteria

• Yeast

Name 3 symptoms of otitis.

• Itchiness

• Redness

• Swelling

Name a risk factor for otitis.

Skin allergies

Name 3 symptoms of ear mites.

• Itchiness

• Redness

• Black wax

What can ear mites cause?

Yeast infections

Name 4 diseases or disorders of the endocrine system.

• Hypothyroidism

• Hyperthyroidism

• Equine metabolic syndrome

• Diabetes mellitus

What is hypothyroidism?

An under-active thyroid gland so less thyroid hormone is produces

Which species is hypothyroidism most common in?

Dogs

Name 4 symptoms of hypothyroidism

• Weight gain

• Lethargia

• Slowed heart rate

• Hair loss/skin issues

How can hypothyroidism be treated?

Giving thyroid hormone medication

What is hyperthyroidism?

Over-active thyroid gland so more thyroid hormone is released

What species is hyperthyroidism most common in?

Cats

Name 6 symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

• Eating and drinking more

• Increased urination

• Weight loss

• Increased heart rate

• Enlarged thyroid gland

• Dull/matted coat

Name 3 treatments for hyperthyroidism.

• Medication

• Surgical removal of the thyroid gland

• Specialised diet

What is equine metabolic syndrome?

A collection of clinical signs in equines that places them at higher risk of developing laminitis.

Name 3 symptoms of equine metabolic disease.

• Insulin disregulation

• Obesity

• Excess adipose tissue in the neck

Name 3 treatments for equine metabolic syndrome

• Dietary management

• Increased exercise

• Pain relief for laminitis

What is diabetes mellitus?

Unregulated glucose production

Name 3 symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

• Eating and drinking more

• Urinating more

• Weight loss

How is diabetes mellitus treated?

Insulin injections

Name 2 diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system.

• Cardiac murmurs

• Congestive heart failure

What is the cause of a cardiac murmur?

Blood going the wrong direction

How are cardiac murmurs graded?

1-6, 1 is mild, 6 is severe

Name 2 potential causes of cardiac murmurs.

• Exercise - usually mild and goes away quickly

• Underlying heart conditions such as a faulty valve

What causes congestive heart failure?

Failing heart not working correctly as a pump

What does congestive heart failure cause?

Blood backing up around organs, usually the lungs so that they cannot work correctly

Name 4 symptoms of congestive heart failure.

• Coughing

• Breathing difficulties

• Cannot exercise easily

• Fluid in abdomen

Name 2 treatment methods for congestive heart failure.

• Heart medications

• Diuretics

Name 8 diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.

• Feline leukaemia virus

• Feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus

• Equine influenza

• Strangles

• Equine herpes viruses 4 + 5

• Kennel cough

• Canine distemper

• Sinusitis

What can Feline leukaemia virus cause?

Cancer and immunosuppression

What do Feline herpes virus 1 and feline calicivirus cause?

Cat flu

Name 3 symptoms of cat flu.

• Stuffy nose

• Sneezing

• Eye problems

Name 4 symptoms of equine influenza.

• Coughing

• Sneezing

• Off food

• Lethargic

Name 4 symptoms of strangles

• Coughing

• Nasal discharge

• Lethargic

• Swollen lymph nodes

Name 2 symptoms of equine herpes viruses 4 + 5

• Coughing

• Breathing problems

Name 2 causes of kennel cough

• Bordetella bacteria

• Viruses such as canine herpes or adenovirus

Name 2 symptoms of canine distemper.

• Gastrointestinal issues

• Neurological issues

What is sinusitis?

Inflammation of the sinuses

Name 4 potential causes of sinusitis.

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Viruses

• Dental disease

Name the common treatment for feline leukaemia virus, cat flu, equine influenza, strangles, equine herpes viruses 4+5, kennel cough and canine distemper.

Vaccinations

Name 4 diseases and disorders of the digestive system.

• Colic

• Parvovirus

• Salmonella

• Gut parasites

What is colic?

Abdominal pain in horses

Name 3 potential causes of colic.

• Impaction

• Displaced gut

• Gas build up

Name 4 symptoms of colic.

• Kicking at abdomen

• Pawing repeatedly with front foot

• Rolling

• Stretching

Name 2 treatments for colic

• Pain relief medication

• Surgery

What is parvovirus?

A very infectious viral disease of the gut

Name 2 symptoms of parvovirus.

• Diarrhoea

• Vomiting

How is parvovirus r

W

Why is hand-hygiene important in salmonella cases?

It is a zoonotic disease so can be passed to humans

Name 3 types of gut parasites.

• Roundworms

• Tapeworms

• Strongyles

Name 3 symptoms of gut parasites.

• Colic

• Diarrhoea

• Weight loss

Name 2 diseases or disorders of the urinary system

• Cystitis

• Renal failure

What is cystitis?

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Name 4 risk factors for cystitis.

• Diabetes

• Cushings

• Renal disease

• Stress

What are the 2 types of cystitis?

• Bacterial

• Non-bacterial

Name 3 symptoms of cystitis

• Trying to urinate more

• Blood in urine

• Difficulty urinating

What are the 2 types of renal failure?

• Acute

• Chronic

Name 2 potential causes of acute renal failure.

• Ingestion of toxins

• Infection

Name 2 risk factors of chronic renal disease.

• Elderly animals

• Cats

Name 4 symptoms of acute renal failure

• Vomiting

• Diarrhoea

• Lethargy

• Urinating more frequently

Name 4 symptoms of chronic renal failure

• Excessive urination

• Drinking more

• Weight loss

• Anorexia

Name 3 diseases and disorders of the reproductive system

• Pyometra

• Cryptorchidism

• Dystocia

What is pyometra?

Pus filled uterus

What animal is most at risk for pyometra?

Bitches

Name 3 symptoms of pyometra.

• Vomiting

• Fever

• Shock

What is the most common treatment of pyometra?

Surgical removal of the uterus

What is cryptorchidism?

Failure of one or both testes to descend

What is the risk of cryptorchidism?

The sertoli cells could overheat and become cancerous