Animal Science Test

T/F - Over the past 50 years, the number of dairy cows in the US and milk production per cow have both been increasing

False

T/F - Animals raised in a variable environment are less likely to be stressed when confronted with novelty

True

T/F - A vice, such as cribbing, is an example of a behavioral disorder

True

T/F - Dragging a non-ambulatory animal at a slaughter plan is expressly prohibited by the Humane Slaughter Act

True

T/F - The greater the field of vision an animal has, the less depth of field vision they have

True

T/F - Specialized ewe breeds are typically white faced and have high quality wool

True

T/F - The ideal time from first touch to milker application when milking a diary cow is 30-60 seconds

False

T/F - Skin is an example of innate immune defense

True

T/F - Calf crop percentage in a cow-calf operation is calculated by dividing the number of calves weaned by the number of cows calves x 100

False

T/F - A vector is an inanimate piece of equipment that can carry or transmit disease from one animal or farm to another

False

What is the name of the structure in many domestic species noses that allows them an enhanced sense of smell?

Vomerononasal

What is the shape the animals naturally like to move when handling them?

Circle/curve

What is the biological advantage using FRG pigs in research?

Their genes are very similar to human genes allowing for more accurate testing and assessment

Which of the following is not an example of a good handling facility characteristic of principle of handling?

Grid pattern in concrete floor

What is the function of the esaphageoal groove in calves?

Allows milk to bypass the rumen

How long is the ideal lactation of a dairy cow?

305 days

A condition that is common in fresh cows due to low feed intake resulting in a negative energy balance is likely to be which of the following?

Ketosis

Antimicrobial stewardship is …

All of the above

The effect of a second exposure to a disease leading to stronger immune protection can be described as an ____.

Anamnestic response

The term for the cause or manner of causation of disease called___.

Etiology

Vaccines made from a specific pathogen isolated from one farm, with the express purpose of being used on that one farm, are called ___.

Autogeneous

What is the product of the cow-calf phase of beef prodoction>

Weaned, crossbred calves

At what average age are feedlot cattle finished and ready for slaughter?

15-20

What is the average ADG of a beef animal in a finishing feed yard?

3

A dog that is trained to ring a bell to go outside is displaying what time of learning?

Operant or instrumental learning

A heifer pregnant with her first calf due to calve in the next 30-60 days

Springing Heifer

A dairy cow that will calve within 2-3 weeks

Close-up

A castrated male goat

Whether

The meat from an older sheep

Mutton

A dairy cow that is moving from the dry period into the lactating period

Transition Cow

A castrated male of the bovine species

Steer

A mature female goat

Doe

A group of sheep

herd/mob

A weaned beef calf sent to a feed yard immediately after weaning

Backgrounding calf (bawling calves?)

relating to or resembling the sheep species

Ovine

_____ is often a symptom of a larger physiological and emotional state that the animal can’t communicate in words we can understand

Behavior

____ is the hormone responsible for milk letdown

Oxytocin

The length of time between calving and the subseqyent first breeding in a dairy cow herd is referred to as the ___

Voluntary Wait Period

___ is a respiratory illness that usually follows transport of cattle.

Shipping fever

Fall weaned calves that are grazed on pasture until spring before entering a feedlot are called __

Backgrounded/Stocker calves

What is AIAO? For full credit, define what the acronym stands for and the actual concept. Additionally, name three advantages of AIAO

All-in, All-out. No new animals are added to the group until the entire group has been removed. Once the group is all removed, the facility is cleaned and disinfected before the next group comes in. 3 advantages are disease control, improved growth and performance, and easier facility management

Diagram the animal disease triangle. Give a specific example of a disease occurring in an animal using these criteria.

Virulent pathogen, susceptible host, favorable environment. Foot Rot: Host-cow with a hoof that has been injured, Pathogen-bacteria, Environment-wet, muddy, unsanitary facilities

Name 2 ways in which stress specifically affects the immune system function. Then give 2 examples of each of normal and abnormal events in an animal’s life that can cause stress.

Stress hormones reduce the activity of white blood cells, it can also cause excessive or insufficient inflammatory responses. A normal event that can cause stress weaning, and an abnormal event that can cause stress is overcrowding.

The purpose of beef cattle in the US is to “make use of resources that would otherwise go to waste.” What are these resources that would go to waste and why, specifically, are cattle so important for this task?

Forages/grasses (hay, pasture plants), by-products (corn stalks, distillers grain), food waste (spoiled vegetables, fruit trimmings). Cattle have efficient protein conversions, are able to digest fibers easier, and can graze on land that isn’t suitable for farming.

During what period of her life is the beef cow’s greatest nutritional demand and why? What percentage of her body weight should a beef cow be fed on forage on a dry-matter basis?

80-90 days after calving, 2-2.5%

Regarding use in the beef feedlot industry, what is an implant and why is it used

Steroid hormone (estrogen/trenbolone) pallets implanted under skin on ear to improve meat quality and feed efficiency

Name and describe the three components of a breeding soundess exam

Physical examination: age, soundness, sight/smell, body condition, rectal

Measure scrotal size: scrotal circumference, testicular size

Semen evaluation: sperm motility and morphology

List and describe the six tasks of a milking routine

Forestripping - Squirt a little milk out to check it.

Pre-dip – Clean the teats with disinfectant.

Dry – Wipe teats with a clean towel.

Attach unit – Put the milking machine on.

Remove unit – Take it off when milk is done.

Post-dip – Dip teats again to protect them.

Identify three physical or behavioral differences between sheep and goats

Herding instincts, tails, charging and rear up

Compare and contrast active and passive immunity, giving examples of each

Active immunity happens when your body makes its own antibodies after being exposed to a disease or a vaccine, so it takes longer to develop but lasts a long time. Passive immunity happens when antibodies come from another source, like a mother’s milk, so it works right away but does not last very long.

Label the three curves of the dairy cow on the graph. Describe what changes are happening during each curve throughout a dairy cow’s lifecycle

Birth weight, dry matter, milk production

Diagram an animals flight zone, labeling flight zone, point of balance, and blind spot.

Bonus question

Beef - most popular breed: Angus - State with most: Texas

Dairy - most popular breed: Hulstein - State with most: Calfornia

Sheep - Most popular breed: Suffolk - State with most: Texas