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Hundred Years War
Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453.
Caroline War
Second phase of the Hundred Years War (1369-1389).
Edward of Woodstock
Also known as The Black Prince, son of Edward III.
Peter the Cruel
Castilian king restored to throne by The Black Prince.
Charles V
French king who declared war on England in 1369.
Battle of Margate
1387 naval battle; English victory over larger fleet.
Flemish People
Inhabitants of Flanders, part of modern Belgium.
Treaty of Bruges
1375 truce attempt; negotiations failed over Aquitaine.
Aquitaine
Territory disputed between England and France in negotiations.
Western Schism
Church division (1378-1417) over papal legitimacy.
Pope Gregory XI
Returned papacy to Rome in 1377, died shortly after.
Urban VI
Elected pope in 1378; his election was disputed.
Clement VII
Antipope elected by French cardinals after Urban VI.
Council of Pisa
1409 meeting declaring both rival popes illegitimate.
Antipope John XXIII
Pisan pope who called the Council of Constance.
Council of Constance
1414-1418 council resolving the Western Schism.
Pope Martin V
Elected pope after the resolution of the schism.
Papal Involvement
Attempts to mediate peace during the Hundred Years War.
Political Divisions
Exacerbated by disputed papal succession during the war.
Naval Capabilities
Damaged for France and Castile after Margate victory.
Truce Duration
Treaty of Bruges called for a 12-month truce.
French-Castilian-Flemish Fleet
Opposing naval force at the Battle of Margate.