APUSH Henretta Chapter 17

Homestead lockout

In 1892 the Homestead steel mill locks out workers to stop formation of a union; violence erupts between workers and security, state militia called in to make arrests;government sides with big business

Management Revolution

An internal management structure adopted by many large, complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function.

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Horizontal Integration

A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly.

Deskilling

reduction in the skill needed to do a job

Mass Production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

Scientific Management

breaks work down into its simplest elements and then systematically improves the worker's performance of each element

Chinese Exclusion Act

(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

July, 1877 - A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men.

Greenback-Labor Party

a group of labor workers that protested the collapse of Reconstruction, advocated for laws to protest corporations, enforce shorter work days

Producerism

the dismissal of middlemen, bankers, lawyers, and investors, thought the power should lie in the hands of the people who produced it

Knights of Labor

(1) moderate labor organization founded in 1869 by Terence Powderly, one of the first such organizations in the US; (2) this all-inclusive organization grew quickly but fell into decline after one of its leaders was executed for killing a policeman in the Haymarket Riot

Granger Laws

A set of laws designed to address railroad discrimination against small farmers, covering issues like freight rates and railroad rebates.

Anarchism

A political theory favoring the abolition of governments

Haymarket Square

Labor disorders had broken out and on May 4 1886, the Chicago police advanced on a protest; alleged brutalities by the authorities. Suddenly a dynamite bomb was thrown that killed or injured dozens, including police. It is still unknown today who set off the bomb, but following the hysteria, eight anarchists (possibly innocent) were rounded up.

Farmers' Alliance

Group that came after the Grangers and the Greenbackers to, once again, bring up the the issues they were trying to point out

Interstate Commerce Act

Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices

Closed Shop

A working establishment where only people belonging to the union are hired. It was done by the unions to protect their workers from cheap labor.

American Federation of Labor

Led by Samuel Gompers; alliance of skilled workers in craft unions; focus was bread-and butter issues such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions