Cells and Organisms

These flashcards cover the key concepts from the lecture on cells and organisms, their functions, and how they interact within living systems.

Organism

Living things that are made up of cells.

Cell

The smallest unit of life that carries out different functions.

Unicellular Organism

An organism made up of one cell.

Multicellular Organism

An organism made up of many cells.

Cell Division

The process by which new cells are made through an exact copy of themselves.

Microscope

A tool used to view cells as they are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

Cell Membrane

Controls what goes in and out of the cell, functioning like a gate.

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance containing the parts of the cell.

Cell Wall

Part of the plant cell that provides rigid structure.

Organelles

Parts within the cytoplasm that carry out specific functions.

Nucleus

The powerhouse of the cell that contains genes.

Mitochondria

Organelles that break up sugar to produce energy for the cell.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that carry out photosynthesis.

Tissue

A group of cells that work together.

Organ

Made up of multiple specialized tissues.

Organ System

A group of organs that work together to carry out complex tasks.

Nervous System

A system that helps humans and animals sense and respond to their environments.

Sensory Receptors

Cells that detect signals from the environment.

Stimuli

Signals detected by sensory receptors.

Mechanical Stimuli

Signals related to touch and hearing.

Chemical Stimuli

Signals related to taste and smell.

Electromagnetic Stimuli

Signals related to sight.

Flow of Information

Stimulus → Receptor → Neurons → Brain → Response/Memory.