Health Assessment Flashcards

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering health assessment topics regarding the head, neck, and eyes, derived from a lecture on Adult Physical Assessment.

What is a normal skull shape and configuration?

Normocephalic, round, and proportionate with smooth contour.

What might increased head circumference in a young child indicate?

Hydrocephalus.

What is assessed when palpating the head?

Consistency, nodules or masses, and depressions.

What are normal findings when inspecting facial movements?

Symmetric movements, including raising eyebrows and smiling.

What may asymmetric facial movements indicate?

Neurological issues or trauma.

What is a normal finding when inspecting facial features?

Symmetric and evenly distributed features.

What does periorbital edema indicate?

Possible dehydration, starvation, or illness.

How should the TMJ normally feel upon palpation?

No swelling, tenderness, or crepitation.

What is a sign of lymphadenopathy upon neck inspection?

Enlarged lymph nodes indicating potential malignancy.

How do you palpate cervical nodes?

Using light pressure in specified areas around the neck.

What is a normal finding for lymph nodes during palpation?

Small, mobile, soft, nontender, and superficial.

Where is the thyroid isthmus located?

Below the cricoid cartilage.

How should the thyroid feel when palpated normally?

Firm, smooth, and generally nonpalpable.

What is the procedure for auscultating the thyroid?

Listen for bruits with bell of stethoscope while the patient holds their breath.

What are the components of the eye's anatomy?

Conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, iris, pupil, lens, retina.

What does a normal iris look like?

Colored, with a uniform texture.

What should the sclera appear like normally?

White, smooth, and glistening.

What is inspected for during eyelash examination?

Distribution, inversion, eversion, and presence of crusting.

What does a ptosis of both eyelids indicate?

Myasthenia gravis.

How is visual acuity assessed?

Using the Snellen chart.

What indicates legal blindness in a visual acuity test?

20/200 vision.

What is the normal range for pupil size in adults?

3 to 5 mm.

What is the PERRLA abbreviation used for?

Pupils Equally Round and React to Light and Accommodation.

What does nystagmus indicate?

Oscillating movements of the eyeball, potentially indicating neurological issues.

What is a symptom of cataracts?

Cloudy appearance of the lens.

What common vision tests can be performed in children?

Allen card test and Ishihara test.

What symptom is associated with glaucoma?

Tunnel vision and narrowing of visual field.

What is a common abnormality that involves the conjunctiva?

Conjunctivitis.

What can cause excessive tearing?

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

What are symptoms of retinal detachment?

Seeing floaters and flashing lights.

What does a separate retina and choroid layer indicate?

Retinal detachment.

What abnormality may present as a painless yellow nodule on the eye?

Pinguecula.

What are the signs of iritis?

Severe eye pain, tearing, photophobia.

What is a characteristic of retinitis pigmentosa?

Degeneration of the retina, possibly leading to blindness.

What does a Kayser-Fleischer ring indicate?

Wilson's disease.

How is accommodation tested in pupils?

Observation of pupil constriction when focusing on a near object.

What could indicate a neurological issue during the corneal reflex test?

Absence of the corneal reflex.

What indicates anisocoria?

Unequal pupil sizes that may be a normal variation.

What is myopia?

Nearsightedness, difficulty seeing far objects.

What indicates a triad of symptoms including unilateral large pupil?

Tonic pupil.

What is strabismus?

Misalignment or deviation of the eye.

What does a sluggish pupil reaction indicate?

Lack of oxygen to optic nerve or drug effects.

What does a positive blink reflex indicate?

Normal neurological function.

What is expected during the cover/uncover test?

No drifting of the eye when uncovered.

What is the significance of equal palpebral fissures?

Normal position and movement of eyes.

What can cause cloudiness in the cornea?

Vitamin A deficiency or corneal infection.

What should you look for in the conjunctiva during inspection?

Clarity, color, and absence of lesions.

What could a bulging thyroid indicate?

Goiter or malignancy.

What is the proper way to palpate the thyroid?

Patient swallows while displacing the trachea.

What might an excessively firm globe indicate during palpation?

Possible glaucoma.

What is the effect of aging on lens accommodations?

Decreased ability to focus on near objects.

What does the Snellen E chart assess?

Distance visual acuity.

What is the normal visual acuity score?

20/20.

What is the primary treatment needed for strabismus?

Early intervention before age six.

What is the common age and symptom for presbyopia?

Age-related farsightedness, difficulty reading close-up.

What is a common cause of visual disturbances in older adults?

Cataracts.

How should the extraocular muscles function?

Coordinated and parallel during movements.

What is a significant risk factor for developing visual floaters?

Retinal detachment.

What does Jarger test assess?

Near vision acuity.

What might decreased accommodation indicate?

Aging or eye muscle weakness.

What does corneal light reflex testing check?

Symmetry of light reflection on cornea.

What is the significance of reviewing eye muscle strength?

Assesses cranial nerve function.

What could be indicated by asymmetrical ocular movements?

Possible cranial nerve damage.

What does a positive corneal reflex indicate?

Normal sensory function of the cornea.

What is the implication of significant eye pain in iritis?

Potential vision loss if untreated.

What might yellow sclera indicate?

Jaundice.

What does visual exploitation testing assess?

Eye coordination to follow a moving target.

What does the term 'Miosis' refer to?

Constriction of the pupils.

What is an abnormal finding of the optic nerve pathway indicative of?

Hemianopia or specific visual field loss.

What test helps assess for color deficiencies?

Ishihara test.

What is the significance of a 'normal' finding during visual field assessments?

Indicates intact extraocular muscles.

What does palpebral conjunctiva inspection reveal?

Smooth, shiny, and free of lesions.

What is the treatment for macular degeneration?

There is no cure; management of symptoms.

What visual disturbances can patients with diabetic retinopathy experience?

Blurred vision and floaters.

What does ptosis in one eye suggest?

Possible nerve or muscular issues.

Describe the appearance of an infected eyelid.

Redness, swelling, and possibly drainage.

What does measuring the internal eye pressure assess?

Risk for glaucoma.

What is the main purpose of the corneal reflex test?

To assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve.

How might a silhouetted structure affect vision?

Could indicate a retinal detachment.

What does evidence of arcus senilis imply?

Is a normal age-related finding.

How do corneal abrasions typically manifest?

Irregularities or roughness on the cornea.