Geo

total stock

all the parts of the natural environment (energy, living organisms, and non-living materials)

Resource

anything in the total stock which can be used to make goods and services (raw materials, workers, money, land)

Natural resources

resources found in the natural environment

Renewable resource

can be regenerated if used carefully (soil, forests, fish stocks)

Non-renewable resource

are limited and cannot be replaced once used up (fossil fuels, minerals

Flow resource

are replaced by natural actions and are lost if not used when and where they occur (sunlight, wind, water currents)

other resource

do not fit into the other 3 categories (Northern Lights, Rocky Mountains, Niagara Falls)

planned obsolescence

\-Sometimes manufacturers deliberately design a product with a limited lifespan.

\-The materials and technology used ensure that the product will not last as long as the consumer might want (appliances, fashion, technology)

\-This puts a strain on the 3 R’s

mining the resource

\-The harvest of the resource is more than the amount replenished each year

\-stocks are depleting

sustained yield management

\-the harvest is equal to or less than the amount replenished each year

\-stocks are maintained or increased

Aridity index (AI)

\-A value used to show water availability

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Supply – water is supplied through precipitation (any water that falls to the Earth, e.g. rain and snow) represented by the letter P

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Natural demand = the demand for water in a given natural environment and **which has nothing to do with people**.

Potential evapotranspiration (PE or PET)

\-Evapo = the evaporation of water from the land surface

\-Transpiration = water given off by plants in an environment

\-Higher temperature = higher PE

\-

AI =  __P__

  PE

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R/P ratio

\-the ratio between the reserves of the resource and its production

\-r = reserves or how much of the resource is available in the ground

\-p = production or how much of the resource is being taken from the ground each year

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Metallic minerals

– a  mineral that yields a metal when melted (eg. iron, gold, copper). Typically comes from igneous and metamorphic rocks

Non-metallic minerals

\-a mineral that does not change its form when melted (potash, sand, gravel, diamonds, limestone). Most commonly comes from sedimentary rocks

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NIMBY(not in my backyard)

A big issue for many Canadians is that while they want to see progress and development , they don’t usually want it right in their own backyard.

outsourcing

When a company moves its operation to another country (such as their manufacturing or IT support).

Why?

1\.Cheaper labour costs

2\.Less stringent labour and environmental controls

primary industry

An industry that focuses on producing or extracting natural resources. This sector includes forest industries, agriculture, mining and fishing.

secondary industry

An industry that focuses on making things and using the products of primary industries. This sector includes manufacturing, construction, and utilities (the distribution and provision of electricity, water, natural gas, etc.)

tertiary industry

•An industry that focuses on providing services. This sector includes “everything else” that is not included in the primary and secondary industries.

•Examples – wholesale, entertainment, services, media, banking, healthcare, restaurants etc.

•Services

quaternary industries

 

 (Intellectual activities: government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, information technology)

quinary industries

(Highest level of decision making in an economy: top executives and decision makers in large organizations)

trade balance

the difference between the value of the exported and imported good

basic job

bring in money from the outside

non-basic job

industry involves services within the community/recirculate money

multiplier effect

the longer the money “stays” inside the community the better. The measure of how often any new money gets spent and re-spent in a community before it leaks out.