Cell Division and Mitosis Overview

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to cell division, mitosis, and associated processes in cellular reproduction.

What is the primary purpose of cell division in living organisms?

To produce more cells for growth, repair damaged tissue, and because cells that grow too big cannot efficiently transport nutrients and waste.

What is a parent cell?

The original cell that divides into two new cells, known as daughter cells.

What process involves the replication of DNA before cell division?

DNA replication occurs before a cell divides, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

Define asexual reproduction in the context of cell division.

Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves cell division, such as seen in unicellular organisms like bacteria.

What is DNA, and what role does it play in cell activities?

DNA is located in the nucleus and controls all cell activities, including cell division.

What are chromatids and centromeres in the context of chromosomes?

Chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome connected at a central point called the centromere.

How does chromatin transform during the cell cycle?

Chromatin duplicates itself and coils up into chromosomes for efficient cell division.

What is the chromosome number in humans?

Humans have 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs.

What is interphase, and what occurs during this stage of the cell cycle?

Interphase is the period of cell growth and development where DNA replication and normal cell activities occur.

What are the four phases of mitosis, represented by PMAT?

The four phases are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

What happens during anaphase?

During anaphase, chromosome copies divide, and spindle fibers pull the chromatids to opposite poles.

What is cytokinesis, and how does it differ in animal and plant cells?

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and organelles after the nucleus divides; in animals, the cytoplasm pinches in, while in plants, a cell plate forms.

What can happen if cells lose their ability to control their rate of division?

If cells lose control, they may become super-dividing and form tumors.

Distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.

Benign tumors are not cancerous and do not spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade and destroy healthy tissue.