Healthy Psychology Exam 2

Health Consequences of Bulimia

Electrolyte imbalance, colon damage, stomach ulcers, and dental erosion due to stomach acid.

Treatment for Anorexia

Medical and psychological care focused on restoring healthy weight, body image, and addressing underlying emotional issues.

Disorders Treated by Opioids

Pain-related conditions; opioids like morphine/codeine are prescribed for moderate to severe pain.

Club Drugs

MDMA (Ecstasy): stimulant with hallucinogenic effects; can cause dehydration, overheating, and organ failure.

Methamphetamines

Highly addictive stimulant; increases dopamine, heart rate, and causes nervous system damage.

Gateway Drug Theory

Theory that use of legal substances like tobacco and alcohol may lead to use of more harmful illegal drugs.

Binge Drinking

Consuming 5+ drinks in one session; linked to accidents, liver damage, and risky behavior.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy; leads to physical and cognitive abnormalities in infants.

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver damage often caused by alcohol abuse; leads to scarring and liver failure.

Healing Traditions of Native Americans

Holistic view; wellness is harmony among mind, body, spirit, and nature.

Chinese Traditional Medicine

Based on Qi (life energy), Yin-Yang balance, and Five Elements; focuses on harmony between body and environment.

Smudging

Indigenous purification ritual using smoke from herbs to cleanse negative energy and promote healing.

Traditional Medicine Principles

Balance between individual, earth, and spiritual energy; uses herbal remedies and whole-person care.

Defensive Pessimism

Anticipating negative outcomes to mentally prepare and perform better under stress.

Positive Psychology

Studies traits that promote well-being, such as optimism, happiness, and life satisfaction.

Social Ecological Model

Health influenced by physical/psychological environments, health systems, and policy.

Connection Between Spirituality and Health Outcomes

Spiritual beliefs and practices are associated with improved coping and well-being.

Wellness Model of Health

Adds quality of life and spirituality to the biopsychosocial model.

Biopsychosocial Model

Health is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary functions

Parts of a Nerve

Dendrites, Axon, Synapse, Neurotransmitters

Positive Reappraisal

Reframing a situation to view it in a more positive light.

Endorphins

Natural chemicals that reduce pain and enhance mood; released during laughter and exercise.

Impact of Music on Stress

Reduces anxiety, blood pressure, and stress hormones.

Impact of Social Support on Stress

Buffers effects of stress; enhances coping ability and emotional well-being.

Cognitive Approach to Problem Solving

Analyzing a stressor and applying strategies to address it directly.

Emotion-Focused Coping

Managing emotional reactions rather than changing the stressor.

Daily Hassles

Routine irritants that can accumulate and harm health if unmanaged.

SRRS

Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Measures stress based on life events with life change unit scores.

Cortisol

Primary stress hormone; prolonged exposure harms health.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Illness results from vulnerability combined with environmental stressor.

Transactional Model of Stress

Stress occurs when demands exceed coping resources; includes appraisal and coping strategies.

Full Name of HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Psychoneuroimmunology

Study of how psychological factors affect the immune system.

Sharing HIV Status

Disclosure to supportive people reduces stress and improves treatment adherence.

Antiretroviral Drugs

Medications that suppress HIV progression.

HAART

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: combo of three or more HIV medications.

Rapid Testing for HIV

Results in 20 minutes; allows immediate counseling and treatment.

Frequency of HIV Testing

Retest every 6 months to 1 year if at risk after a negative result.

Dual Infection Linked with HIV

Co-infections (e.g., Hepatitis) worsen HIV outcomes.

HIV Incidence Rising Among Women

Women make up an increasing portion of new HIV cases globally.

Seroconversion

When the immune system produces detectable HIV antibodies.

Dormant Stage of HIV

Virus remains inactive with few/no symptoms for years (8-10 on average).

Blood-Borne Transmission

HIV spreads via blood, including through shared needles, transfusions, and mother-to-child.

Binge Eating

Consuming excessive amounts of food in a short time, with no compensatory behavior.

Purging

Attempting to rid the body of food through vomiting, laxatives, or excessive exercise after bingeing.

Stimulants

Increase alertness (e.g., meth, cocaine).

Depressants

Slow CNS activity (e.g., heroin, alcohol).

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves connecting CNS to rest of body.

Sympathetic Nervous System

'Fight or flight'

Parasympathetic Nervous System

'Rest and digest'

Dendrites

Receive signals.

Axon

Sends signals.

Synapse

Gap between neurons.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers.

Engagement Coping

Active coping (problem-solving, emotional support).

Disengagement Coping

Avoidance, denial - often less effective than Engagement Coping.

Acute Stress

Short-term, temporary stress.

Chronic Stress

Ongoing, long-term stress; linked to disease.