Gram-Positive Rods (Bacilli)

What are two main ways gram-positive rods are classified?

Endospore formation and unique properties/shapes

Which gram-positive rods are aerobic and catalase positive?

Bacillus spp.

What are the three components of anthrax toxin?

Protective antigen, edema factor, lethal factor

Why does has gangrene produce gas in tissures

Fermentation of muscle carbohydrates

Which enzyme breaks down connective tissue in gas gangrene

Collagenase

What causes tetanus muscle rapicly?

Tetanus toxin causing permanent muscle excitation

How often is the tetanus booster required?

Every 10 years

Why does C. difficile overgrow after antibiotics?

Normal flora are killed, allowing C. difficile to dominate

Most toxic bacterial toxin known?

Botulinum toxin

What allows Listeria to move between cells?

Actin tails

What flagella arrangement does Listeria have?

Peritrichous

Why is Listeria dangerous in refrigerated foods?

It grows at cold temperatures

What makes Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid-fast?

Mycolic acid in the cell wall

What structure forms in lungs during TB infection?

Tubercles (granulomas)