PHAR102A-FLUID THERAPY

Dehydration, Overhydration, Electrolyte imbalance

1. When should fluid therapy be instituted? Fluid therapy is considered to serve the purpose of correcting? (4)

Metabolic acidosis, Metabolic alkalosis, Respiratory Acidosis, Respiratory alkalosis

What kind of fluid/s should be given? One consideration is the pH of the blood, requiring fluid therpy are categorized as: (4)

Metabolic acidosis

It is characterized by diarrhoea, renal diseases, CNS depression, hypernea, hypoadrenocorticodism, ketosis, starvation, diabetes mellitus

LRS, Dextrose 5% in LRS, Dextrose 5% in water, NaHCo3, Na Lactate, Na gluconate

Metabolic acidosis: It is characterized by diarrhoea, renal diseases, CNS depression, hypernea, hypoadrenocorticodism, ketosis, starvation, diabetes mellitus. What are the recommended fluids? (6)

Metabolic alkalosis

It is characterizied and associated with emesis, excessive use of diuretics, hyperadrenocortism, nervous excitment, convulsion, depressed breathing.

NaCl, Isotonic saline NH4Cl, Ringer's solution and Normal saline

Metabolic alkalosis:It is characterizied and associated with emesis, excessive use of diuretics, hyperadrenocortism, nervous excitment, convulsion, depressed breathing. What are the recommended fluids? (4)

Respiratory acidosis

It is characterized by pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, emphysema, pneumothorax, respiratory muscle paralysis, anesthetic over dosage, hypoventilation

LRS, D5LRS, D5W

Respiratory acidosis: It is characterized by pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, emphysema, pneumothorax, respiratory muscle paralysis, anesthetic over dosage, hypoventilation. What are the recommended fluids? (3)

Respiratory alkalosis

It is associated with fever, encephalitis, salicylate poisoningm defiency of oxygen or hypoxia, heat prostration and hysteria

ISS, NaCl, NH4Cl

Respiratory Alkalosis: It is associated with fever, encephalitis, salicylate poisoningm defiency of oxygen or hypoxia, heat prostration and hysteria. What are the recommended fluids? (3)

Hypernatremia, Hypoatremia, Hyperchloremia, Hypochloremia, Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia

ENumerate the disorder of water, sodium chloride, balance (6)

Hypernatremia

It is characterized with high concentration of sodium in the blood. Recommended fluid are 5% dextrose in water, normal saline + 50% dextrose

Hypoatremia

It is characterized with low concentration of sodium in the blood.

Hyperchloremia

It is an electrolyte imbalance where the blood has an excessive concentration of chloride ions. Recommended fluid are sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate , sodium gluconate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, normal saline soln

Hypochloremia

It is an electrolyte imbalance where the blood has a low concentration of chloride ions. Recommended fluid are normal saline + potassium chloride, 0.9% NaCl, 1.9% NH4Cl, Ringer's solution

Hypokalemia

It is a condition in which the potassium level in your bloodstream is lower than is typical. Recommended fluid are normal saline + potassium chloride, 0.9% NaCl, 1.9% NH4Cl, Ringer's solution

Hyperkalemia

It is a condition in which the potassium level in your bloodstream is higher than is typical.

130 ml/kg/day

MD: Young animal and lactating

65 ml/kg/day

MD: Mature animal

Mild 4%

RD: What cat. and % with these signs: With history of fluid loss

Moderate 6%

RD: What cat. and % with these signs: with history of fluid loss, skin that lacks pliability, dry coat, dry mucous membrane but still moist tongue

Severe 8%

RD: What cat. and % with these signs: with history of fluid loss, dry coat, dry mucous membrane, dry tongue, and sunken eyeball

Severe 10-12%

RD: What cat. and % with these signs: with history of fluid loss, dry coat, dry mucous membrane, dry tongue, and sunken eyeball, circulatory insuffiency

Severe 14-15%

RD: What cat. and % with these signs: with history of fluid loss, dry coat, dry mucous membrane, dry tongue, and sunken eyeball, circulatory insuffiency, circulatory shock

IV, SQ, Per orem, Intraperitoneal, Per rectum

Enumerate the most common routes of fluid tx administration

Microdrip/60 drops per ml

For Young and Lactating. What dripset and drops/ml?

Macrodrip/20 drops per ml

For Adult. What dripset and drops/ml?

1. Since there is dehydration, perform fluid therapy.

2. NSS, NaCl, Ammonium chloride, Ringer's solution.
3. 21,741.6 ml/day
4. 302 drops/min
5. Ear vein
6. Success of fluid tx is gauged through improvement of the animal

Practice problem: A post farrow landrae with an approximate body weight of 250 lbs is suffering from emesis , fever and malaise.Upon physical exam the animal exhibitis a moderate dehydration. A day after while under tx, a CL of 150 ml is noted.

1. When should fluid therapy be instituted?

2. What kind of fluid/s should given?

3. How much fluid should be given?

4. How fast is fluid administered?

5. How is flud is administered?

6. What is th success of fluid therapy