euro unit 4

copernicus

book- on the revolutions of the heavenly bodies

created the heliocentric theory(sun is the center of the universe) but did not prove it

brahe

made a scientific instrument to view planets

he wanted to disprove the heliocentric theory

kepler

book- the new astronomy

uses brahe’s research to prove heliocentric theory (first one ever to prove it)

Galileo

book- the starry messenger

made a telescope that supported the heliocentric theory

Newton

book- principia/the mathematical principles of natural philosphy

founder of physics and gravity

Leibniz

created the binary number system and leibniz

developed differential and integral calculus

M. Winkleman

founded comet of 1702 but did not receive credit until 1930

M. Cunitz

wrote a book on astronomy(urania propitia) but didn’t receive credit

Bacon

book- The advancement of learning, the novum orange, the new atlantis

created inductive reasoning

Decartes

book- discourse on method meditation of 1641

created deductive reasoning and geometry

Vesalius

book- De Humani Corporis Fabrica

founder of human anatomy

Harvey

book- exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sagnguinis in animalibus

discovered the circulation in the bloodflow

Lavoiser

book- elements of chemistry

father of chemistry

Boyle

book- the sceptical chymist

father of chemistry and established that air has weight

Cavendish

book- observations upon experimental philosophy/grounds of nature philosophy

only women to visit Royal society of London

Hobbes

book- Leviathan/ social contract

believed everyone was selfish and materialistic, and wanted absolute government

Locke

book- First and Second Treatise of Government/ social contract

believed in natural rights- life, liberty, and property and beilved in the tabula rasa meaning the human mind is a blank slate

Pascal

book-Pensees

believe/chose god over science

Spinoza

book- ethics

believed that God and nature are one and the same and the father of skepticism( question everything)

A. Smith

book- wealth of nations

argued for free market/supply and founder of laissez faire, four stage theory, physiocrat

Montesquieu

book- spirit of the laws

created division in goverment/power, influenced U.S constitution and was inspired by Locke

Rousseau

book- social contract

believed people were born good but corrupted by the government, disagreed with Locke, father of romanticism(not believing in logic)

Hume

book- Inquiry into Human Nature

built of locke’s teachings, argued mind was just a bundle of impressions, no evidence supported divine miracles central to christianity

Voltaire

book- letters on the english

defender of freedom of speech, symbol of revolution

diderot

book-encyclopedia

believed everything should be explained in one plce

Kant

book- social contract/religion within the limits of reason none

no single definition could explain human nature

Wollstonecraft

book- vindication of the rights of woman

advocated for women education and equality with men

Quesnay

book- tableau economique

believed that wealth = the amount of land you own, physiocrat

Beccaria

book- on crimes and punishment

attacked torture and capital punishment and made punishment effective