Studied by 40 people
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copernicus
book- on the revolutions of the heavenly bodies
created the heliocentric theory(sun is the center of the universe) but did not prove it
brahe
made a scientific instrument to view planets
he wanted to disprove the heliocentric theory
kepler
book- the new astronomy
uses brahe’s research to prove heliocentric theory (first one ever to prove it)
Galileo
book- the starry messenger
made a telescope that supported the heliocentric theory
Newton
book- principia/the mathematical principles of natural philosphy
founder of physics and gravity
Leibniz
created the binary number system and leibniz
developed differential and integral calculus
M. Winkleman
founded comet of 1702 but did not receive credit until 1930
M. Cunitz
wrote a book on astronomy(urania propitia) but didn’t receive credit
Bacon
book- The advancement of learning, the novum orange, the new atlantis
created inductive reasoning
Decartes
book- discourse on method meditation of 1641
created deductive reasoning and geometry
Vesalius
book- De Humani Corporis Fabrica
founder of human anatomy
Harvey
book- exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sagnguinis in animalibus
discovered the circulation in the bloodflow
Lavoiser
book- elements of chemistry
father of chemistry
Boyle
book- the sceptical chymist
father of chemistry and established that air has weight
Cavendish
book- observations upon experimental philosophy/grounds of nature philosophy
only women to visit Royal society of London
Hobbes
book- Leviathan/ social contract
believed everyone was selfish and materialistic, and wanted absolute government
Locke
book- First and Second Treatise of Government/ social contract
believed in natural rights- life, liberty, and property and beilved in the tabula rasa meaning the human mind is a blank slate
Pascal
book-Pensees
believe/chose god over science
Spinoza
book- ethics
believed that God and nature are one and the same and the father of skepticism( question everything)
A. Smith
book- wealth of nations
argued for free market/supply and founder of laissez faire, four stage theory, physiocrat
Montesquieu
book- spirit of the laws
created division in goverment/power, influenced U.S constitution and was inspired by Locke
Rousseau
book- social contract
believed people were born good but corrupted by the government, disagreed with Locke, father of romanticism(not believing in logic)
Hume
book- Inquiry into Human Nature
built of locke’s teachings, argued mind was just a bundle of impressions, no evidence supported divine miracles central to christianity
Voltaire
book- letters on the english
defender of freedom of speech, symbol of revolution
diderot
book-encyclopedia
believed everything should be explained in one plce
Kant
book- social contract/religion within the limits of reason none
no single definition could explain human nature
Wollstonecraft
book- vindication of the rights of woman
advocated for women education and equality with men
Quesnay
book- tableau economique
believed that wealth = the amount of land you own, physiocrat
Beccaria
book- on crimes and punishment
attacked torture and capital punishment and made punishment effective
