Lipids WCU Notecards

How is fat digested in the mouth?

Chewing and lingual lipase begins to digest the fats

How is fat digested in the stomach?

Peristalsis begins to churn the food. Breaks down fats and creates diglycerides and free fatty acids.

What does the small intestine do for digesting fat?

Short chain fatty acids enter the bloodstream to go to the liver
Long chain fatty acids enter the lymph and need transport carriers

Lecithin in bile is packaged with:

Monoglycerides and fatty acids to create micelles for absorption

What is the pancreatic lipase?

Two fatty acids and monoglyceride

What is the AMDR of fat?

20-35% of daily calories

What percentage of calories should come from saturated fat?

Less than 10%

What are the types of fatty acids?

Saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids

What is the structure of saturated fatty acids?

All carbons bonded to hydrogen

What is the structure of monounsaturated fatty acids?

One double bond

What is the structure of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

More than one double bond

What do unsaturated fatty acids have?

One or more double bonds between carbon atoms

What does cholesterol do?

It transports fatty acids, makes steroidal hormones, and plays role in the function of bile.

What do chylomicrons do?

Carry digested fat through lymph into bloodstream and liver

What do very low-density lipoproteins do?

Deliver fat made in liver to cells

What do low-density lipoproteins do?

Deposity cholesterol on walls of arteries

What do high-density lipoproteins do?

Remove cholesterol from body and deliver to liver for excretion

What do essential fatty acids do?

Help maintain healthy skin cells, neveres, and cell membranes

What are eicosanoids? (From fat)

Hormone-like substances made from essential fatty acids that are involved in inflammation, blood clotting, and blood pressure

What percentage of calories should come from linoleic acid?

5-10%

What percentage of calories should come from alpha-linolenic acids?

0.6-1.2%

How many calories of saturated fat should you eat?

As little as possible

How much cholesterol should be consumed per day?

Less than 300mg

What foods are good sources of unsaturated fats?

Walnuts, peanut butter, flaxseeds, soybeans, wheat germ

What are good sources of essential fatty acids?

Vegetable oils, nuts, flaxseeds

What is Atherosclerosis?

Narrowing of coronary arteries due to buildup of plaque made of cholesterol

How can you decrease LDL?

eat less saturated and trans fats, consume less cholesterol, consume more fiber, and eat more plants.

What do bile acids do in the small intestine?

Emulsify fat, break fat globules into smaller pieces

What happens to lecithin in bile?

It is packaged with monoglycerides and fatty acids to create micelles for absorption