Worldview and Ethical Concepts Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key definitions, concepts, court cases, and important figures in the lecture notes.

What is a worldview?

The lens or framework of beliefs through which a person interprets reality and answers life’s big questions.

Define essentialism.

The belief that moral truths and reality have an unchanging, objective essence.

What does atheism refer to?

The belief that God does not exist.

What is natural revelation?

God revealing Himself through nature, reason, and conscience.

Define special revelation.

God revealing Himself through Scripture, miracles, and Jesus Christ.

What is proof-texting?

Using Bible verses out of context to support one’s own ideas.

What does anthropocentric mean?

Human-centered rather than God-centered.

Name one informal logical fallacy.

Ad hominem,

Straw Man

• Red Herring

• Post Hoc

• Hasty Generalization

• Slippery Slope

• Appeal to Emotion

• Begging the Question

What are the five worldview question

Original, identity, meaning, morality, and destiny

Characteristics of Critical Thinkers (Any 3)

• Evaluate evidence

• Seek clarity

• Avoid bias

• Think logically

• Consider multiple viewpoints

• Are open to correction

Law of Non-Contradiction

11. A statement cannot be both true and false in the same sense at the same time.

Traditional

• Respect people while disagreeing with ideas.

New tolerance

 All beliefs must be accepted as equally true.

What is the straw man fallacy?

Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack.

Define red herring fallacy.

Introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the original issue.

What is post hoc fallacy?

Assuming that because one event occurred after another, it must have occurred as a result of it.

What is a hasty generalization?

Making a claim based on insufficient evidence.

Define slippery slope fallacy.

Claiming that a minor action will lead to major and unexpected consequences.

What does appeal to emotion fallacy mean?

Manipulating an emotional response instead of presenting a valid argument.

Define begging the question.

Assuming the truth of the conclusion in the premise of an argument.

What are the five worldview questions?

Origin, Identity, Meaning, Morality, Destiny.

Name one characteristic of critical thinkers.

Evaluate evidence.

What is the law of non-contradiction?

A statement cannot be both true and false in the same sense at the same time.

Distinguish between traditional and new tolerance.

Traditional: Respect for people while disagreeing with ideas; New: All beliefs must be accepted as equally true.

What is a stronger brother in Christian liberty?

Understands Christian liberty; must avoid causing others to stumble.

Define weaker brother in the context of Christian liberty.

Conscience is easily offended; struggles with certain freedoms.

What does stereotyping mean?

Oversimplified generalization about a group.

Define prejudice.

Pre-judgment or attitude without sufficient knowledge.

What is discrimination?

Unfair treatment based on group identity.

What was the outcome of Roe v. Wade?

Legalized abortion nationwide; privacy right applied to pregnancy.

What did Doe v. Bolton accomplish?

Expanded 'health' exception for broader abortion access.

What was established by Griswold v. Connecticut?

Right to privacy in marital contraception.

What did Eisenstadt v. Baird extend?

Contraception rights to unmarried individuals.

What was the issue in the Baby Doe Case?

Denial of treatment for disabled infants.

What did Cruzan v. Missouri establish?

Need for 'clear and convincing evidence' to withdraw life support.

What was reaffirmed in Planned Parenthood v. Casey?

Roe v. Wade; introduced 'undue burden' standard.

What did Dobbs v. Jackson (2022) accomplish?

Overturned Roe; returned abortion law to the states.

Who was Norma McCorvey?

'Jane Roe' of Roe v. Wade; later became pro-life.

What impact did Karen Ann Quinlan's case have?

Established right to refuse ventilator support.

What was significant about Nancy Cruzan's case?

Landmark feeding tube removal case; set legal precedent.

What was the Terri Schiavo case about?

Widely publicized feeding tube case involving family dispute.

Who is Derek Humphry?

Founder of Hemlock Society; advocate for assisted suicide.

What is surgical abortion?

Methods like suction curettage, D&E, or D&X.

What does chemical abortion typically involve?

Mifepristone and Misoprostol; Methotrexate.

Name a method to prevent implantation.

Plan B (morning-after pill).

Which state was the first to legalize physician-assisted suicide?

Oregon.

List compatibility factors in love tests.

Shared values , family approval, spiritual unity, emotional maturity, and communication.

What is a danger signal in dating?

Jealousy, dishonesty, poor communication, controlling behavior, and disrespect

Define voluntary passive euthanasia.

Patient consents; life-sustaining treatment withheld.

What is voluntary active euthanasia?

Patient consents; doctor intentionally ends life.

What is involuntary passive euthanasia?

Treatment withheld without patient’s consent.

Define involuntary active euthanasia.

Life intentionally ended without consent (illegal).

What is palliative care?

Comfort care for the terminally ill; focuses on quality of life, not curing.

What does 1 Corinthians 10:31 emphasize?

Do all things for God’s glory.

What does Psalm 139:13-16 affirm?

God forms and values life in the womb.

What command does Exodus 20:13 give?

Do not murder.

What is stated in 2 Timothy 3:16-17?

Scripture is God-breathed.

What truth is found in Genesis 1:26-27?

Humans are made in God’s image.

What mandate is given in Genesis 1:28?

Cultural mandate to rule/multiply.

What does Genesis 19:5 signify?

Sin at Sodom (sexual immorality).

What does Romans 1:24-27 discuss?

Sexual sin and rejecting God.

What does Acts 17:26 say about nations?

All nations come from one blood.

What command is given in Ephesians 4:15?

Speak the truth in love.

What warning is found in 2 Corinthians 6:14?

Unequally yoked warnings.

What is the essence of Romans 12:16-18?

Live at peace with all people.

Who had no single founder?

Hinduism.

Who founded Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha).

Who is the prophet of Islam?

Muhammad.

How does Hinduism view suffering?

Result of karma; part of the cycle of rebirth.

What does Buddhism believe regarding suffering?

Caused by desire; ended by the Eightfold Path.

What is the nature of gods in Hinduism?

Many gods; Brahman as ultimate reality.

What is Buddhism's stance on god?

No personal god; non-theistic.

What is the concept of karma?

The law of moral cause and effect in Hinduism and Buddhism.

What is the Qur’an?

The holy book of Islam.

Is it true that karma is taught in both Hinduism and Buddhism?

False.

Is mifepristone a surgical method?

False.

Is it true that Islam teaches Muhammad is a prophet, not divine?

True.

Does hospice focus on comfort or cure?

False.