Gene Therapy and DNA Replication

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to gene therapy, DNA replication, and cancer.

What is gene therapy?

A technique aiming to fix a faulty gene or replace it with a healthy gene to cure disease or enhance the body's ability to fight diseases.

What are the steps for editing genes during gene therapy ex vivo?

1. Healthy gene is placed into a vehicle (typically a virus). 2. It enters unhealthy cells. 3. Healthy genes are introduced to unhealthy cells in a controlled environment (petri dish). 4. Cells take up the healthy gene and replicate it. 5. Treated cells are introduced into the organism.

Where are stem cells primarily found in adults?

Stem cells are primarily found in the bone marrow of adults.

What are some issues associated with gene therapy?

1. Difficulty delivering the gene to specific cells. 2. Need to get the gene into enough cells at the right rate. 3. Off-target effects where the gene enters unintended cells. 4. Challenges in regulating gene expression. 5. Identifying the exact gene causing the disease.

What is semi-conservative DNA replication?

A model of DNA replication where one strand of parent DNA stays with the new daughter DNA strand.

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing daughter DNA strand and has proofreading capabilities.

What are some causes of cancer?

Uncontrolled cell division caused by viruses (e.g., HPV), inherited genes (e.g., BRCA mutations), and environmental factors like cigarette smoke.

Why do adult brain cells do not normally divide?

Adult brain cells generally do not divide, but in Alzheimer's patients, cyclins can promote premature division which can lead to cell death.

What is the biggest preventable cause of cancer in the U.S.?

Exposure to cigarette smoke.