Untitled Flashcards Set

Political justifications for imperialism

Justifications centered on power and control over territories.

Social justifications for imperialism

The belief in 'civilizing' non-Western peoples.

Economic justifications for imperialism

The pursuit of resources and new markets for economic gain.

Exploitation of colonies by Europeans

Colonies were exploited for labor and resources.

Benefits of colonial rule for populations

Colonial rule sometimes brought limited infrastructure and education.

Similarities between British colonization of Australia/New Zealand and North America

All involved settler colonies and the displacement of indigenous populations.

African influence on Christianity

Africans blended Christianity with local traditions, creating unique worship forms.

Japan's victory in Russo-Japanese War

Signified Japan as a military power and inspired anti-colonial movements.

China's confrontation with Britain vs Japan's with the USA

China lost territory after Opium Wars; Japan modernized rapidly post-contact.

Defensive modernization programs comparison

China's failed reforms, the Ottoman's slow progress, Japan's successful Meiji Restoration.

Impact of upheaval on women's lives in the 19th century

Women faced traditional roles but gained educational and social advances, especially in Japan.

Ottoman Empire's decline

Marked by military defeats, territorial loss, and internal strife.

Japan's imperialist ambitions

Driven by the need for resources and markets supporting rapid industrialization.

Road to communism in China and Russia

Involved revolutions against imperialism and autocratic rule.

Opium Wars in China

Exemplified severe imperialist pressures, leading to significant territorial concessions.

Transition from Qing Dynasty to communism

Involved civil unrest due to imperialism, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

Empires in collision during Qing dynasty

Confrontations with Western imperialism and internal struggles leading to social transformations.

Economic exploitation in India under British rule

Characterized by economic transformation and paving the way for the independence movement.

Scramble for Africa impact

Deeply impacted Southern Africa through resource exploitation and conflicts with indigenous populations.

Congo exploitation under King Leopold II

Extreme brutality and resource extraction led to immense suffering among the Congolese.

Economic reasons for imperialism

Driven by desires for raw materials and new markets.

Technological advancements and imperialism

The Industrial Revolution provided means for rapid imperial expansion.

'White Man's Burden'

Belief that imperial nations had the responsibility to civilize non-European societies.

Indigenous resistance to imperialism

Manifested through nationalist movements, revolts, and preservation of cultures.

Successful resistance against Italian Empire

Ethiopia preserved its independence during imperial expansion.

Global migration influences

Driven by job opportunities and escape from poverty or war.

Pull factor for migration from newly independent nations

Availability of work and economic opportunities.

Push factor for migration from Ireland

Famine caused by potato harvest failure led to Irish emigration.

Technological advancements in transportation

Railroads and steamships eased long-distance migration.

Reason for moving to Australia in the 1878 song

Advocates economic opportunity and a better life.

Route of Italian and German migration

Movement primarily to the Americas after national unification.

Route of Chinese migration post-Taiping Rebellion

Migration to Southeast Asia and the Americas for work.

Transatlantic slave trade's end

Abolitionism and the need for labor across empires halted this route.

Indian indentured laborers post-Mughal Empire

Used extensively throughout the British Empire.

Causation in the context of imperial age

European expansion significantly altered global trade and power dynamics.

Taiping Rebellion context

Widespread dissatisfaction with the Qing Dynasty during widespread poverty.

Impact of the Taiping Rebellion on China

Wounded the Qing era leading to a need for reforms.

Site of the Boxer Rebellion

Fought against foreign influence in the Qing Dynasty.

Outcome of the Boxer Rebellion

Defeat by an eight-nation alliance of Western powers.

Historical event ending the Qing Dynasty

The 1911 Xinhai Revolution was crucial, not the Boxer Rebellion.

Qing dynasty's self-strengthening policies

Aimed to modernize military, economy, and education.

Ottoman Empire's Tanzimat Reform

Focused on modernization and centralization in response to industrial pressure.

Loss of territories by the Ottoman Empire

Most losses occurred in the Balkans and the Middle East due to nationalism.

Development prompting Tanzimat reforms

Rise of nationalism and Enlightenment ideas influenced the reforms.

End of Japan’s isolation

Result of Matthew Perry's arrival in 1854, leading to the Meiji Restoration.

Outcome of Boshin Civil War

Emperor Meiji's victory restored imperial rule, ending the Shogunate.

Advisor's argument to modernize Japan

Emphasis on adopting Western technology for strengthening Japan.

Change for women from Meiji Reforms

Gained educational opportunities but still excluded from political rights.