Foreign Policy - Scotland and Spain

Why was the boarder between England and Scotland most vulnerable?

It was the closest land boarder to England there was no sea to separate them

What was the nature of England and Scotland’s relationship?

They were traditional enemies

What country did Scotland have an alliance with?

France

What did Scotland’s alliance with France cause?

Scotland had an alliance with France made things tense as they could coordinate attacks on the country

Who was the leader of Scotland?

James IV

Who did James IV offer support to?

Perkin Warbeck

When did James IV offer this support for the pretender?

1945 increasing the changes of war

How long did Warbeck stay in Scotland for?

2 years

What benefits did Perkin Warbeck get from this stay?

An aristocratic marriage from the king

Who did Perkin have the chance to marry?

The king's (James IV) cousin Lady Catherine Gordon

Why was Perkins marriage a threat?

Warbeck's assertion that he was the rightful heir posed a legitimate threat to Henry VII's relatively new reign

Why else did Wreck pose as a threat?

James was encouraging Warbeck to cross the boarder with an army

When was Warbeck being encouraged to cross the boarder?

1496

What did Henry do in retaliation to Warbeck crossing the boarder?

He raised a larger army to launch an invasion on Scotland

What did Henry have to do to raise the army

Extraordinary Revenue which raised taxes to pay for the army

What as the response to the raised taxes?

It prompted a taxation rebellion in the following year - the Cornish rebellion

When was the Cornish rebellion?

1497 and it shock Henry

How did this rebellion effect the relationship between Scotland and England?

It was evident that it was in the interests of both England and Scotland to secure an immediate truce

What was the treaty that was decided between Scotland and England?

The Treaty of Ayton which became the Treaty of Perpetual Peace in 1502

When was the treaty of Ayton made

1502

How were the relations after the rebellion outbreak?

1489 and onwards Anglo-Scottish relations significantly improved

What did the improvement of relations cause?

James no longer had any diplomatic use for Warbeck, who had become tiresome and soon after Warbeck was executed

When was Warbeck executed?

1499

What were the terms for the treaty of perpetual peace?

• James agreeing to marry Henry's daughter, the Princess Margaret

• 1503 the marriage took place

• The improvement in relations with Scotland lasted until the end of Henry's reign

• In terms of Anglo-Scottish relations it is evident that Henry had been successful in ensuring the security of the dynasty

What called for the marriage of Princess Margret and James?

The treaty of perpetual peace

When did Margret and James marry?

1503

What was Spain like?

A very powerful state

Who was Spain ruled by?

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

Why did Henry want to maintain a good relationship with Spain?

To avoid wars as they were so powerful

What treaty was signed between Spain and England?

Medina del Campo

When was the treaty of Medina del Campo signed?

1489

What was the treaty of Medina del Campo terms?

This treaty allowed for:

• The two countries agreed to support each other in the face of conflict

• To not harbour rebels or respective pretenders to the throne such as Perkin Warbeck

• The establishment of a marriage alliance Henrys son Arthur and the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella  Catherine of Aragon

What terms of the treaty of Medina del Campo fulfilled Henrys foreign policy aims

The treaty was a very significant as it:

• It respected the two dynasties in the sense that rebels or pretenders would not be harboured

• It will serve respect to the two dynasty in the sense that it secured the succession with the marriage of two major powers

• It lead to the promotion of peace and international security as the countries agreed to support each other in conflict

What were the issues that came with implementing the treaty?

The marriage

What were the issues surrounding the marriage? (Spain)

• Ferdinand didn’t want the marriage to go ahead whilst Perkin Warbeck being a threat

• They also argued over the size of Catherine's dowry

When was the marriage agreement finalised? (Spain)

1499

When did the marriage take place? (Spain)

1501

What was the largest issue with the marriage? (Spain)

Arthurs passin

When did Arthur pass?

1502

What did Henry try and do bout the death of his son?

 Henry suggested Catherine marry his other son

Why did henry lose interest in Spain?

He lost interest when Isabella died

When did Isabella die?

1503

What did Henrys loss of interest revealed?

His loss of interest revealed Henry's interest in securing the succession with a major European power as she passed the land to her daughter rather than Ferdinand

Why was Joanna (Ferdinand’s daughter) being given the land a problem?

Joanna was married to Philip archduke of Burgundy

The pair being married was a problem because Joanna married someone from Burgundy therefore Spain being at a risk of being controlled by the Holy Roman Empire

What excuse did Henry use to not marry Henry VIII with Catherine?

He was too young

How did Ferdinand deal with the treaty falling through?

This led to Ferdinand to make an alliance with Louis XII of France and he married the French kings nice

When did Ferdinand marry Louise XII niece

1506

When and where did Juana and Philip become shipwrecked?

1506 Weymouth after a storm

How did henry use the ship wreck to his advantage?

Henry used this opportunity to get the monarchs to sign the Treaty of Windsor in the 1506 resulting in trade relations by the way of the treaty

How did Philip retaliate to the treaty of Winsor?

Philip agreed to return the Earl of Suffolk, Edmund de la pole to England and make a trade agreement

What was the trade agreement?

Malus intercursus - Evil setelment

Why was the trade agreement called this?

It was favourable to England merchants and not to the Burgundians that’s why it was the "evil settlement"

How did Henry view Joanna and Philip?

Henry recognised Philip and Joanna as king and queen and agreed to help them financially to gain control of their kingdom

When did Philip die?

1506

How did Joanna deal with the death of her husband?

She became made with grief allegedly

How did Ferdinand capitalise off of Joanna’s greif?

He took over regency of Castile regaining his control

Why was Henry suddenly now draw to Ferdinand?

Ferdiands’s take over of Castille now put him in a stronger position so Henry wanted to marry off his son to Catherine

Why did Ferdinand not agree to the marriage to Henry VII to his daughter?

Ferdinand was happy with his French alliance and did not need this support

How did henry deal with he rejection of his son Henrys marriage?

Henry tried to make his own marriage alliance with burgundy and France to try and isolate Spain which came to nothing