B7 - Non-Communicable Diseases

What is a non-communicable disease?

A non communicable disease cannot be passed from one individual to another.

What are risk factors for non-communicable diseases?

Aspects of your lifestyle such as smoking, lack of exercise or overeating.

substances that are present in your environment such as ionising radiation,UV light from the sun or second hand tobacco smoke.

What is a correlation?

Similarities that may suggest a link or relationship between the two

What is a causal mechanism?

A causal mechanism explains how one factor influences another through a biological process

What is a tumour?

A tumour forms when cell division for a group of cells uncontrollably divides and grows in an abnormal way

What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumour?

Benign tumours form in one place and do not spread to other tissues.

Malignant tumours are referred to as cancer. They invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood to form secondary tumours.

What are some examples of lifestyle risk factors for cancer?

Smoking, obesity, common viruses, UV exposure and genetics

What can smoking cause?

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coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and lung diseases including bronchitis and COPD.

What can happen if a fetus is exposed to smoke?

Restricted oxygen which causes premature birth ,low birthweight and even stillbirth.

What can a poor diet affect?

A poor diet can affect the risk of developing cardiovascular and other diseases directly through cholestrol levels and indirectly through obesity

How can low exercise affect health?

Increases the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases

What is obesity a strong risk factor for?

Type 2 diabetes

What does excessive alcohol lead to?

Alcohol can damage the liver and cause cirrhosis and liver cancer. It could eventually lead to brain damage and death.

How does alcohol affect pregnant women?

Alcohol taken in by a pregnant woman can affect the development of her unborn baby.