The Endocrine System

Flashcards covering key concepts of the endocrine system based on the lecture notes.

What are the major endocrine organs in the endocrine system?

Anterior pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal cortex, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

What is the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland?

Melatonin.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

It makes neurohormones and controls the pituitary gland.

What hormone stimulates cell growth and division?

Growth hormone (GH).

What does prolactin stimulate?

Milk production.

What is the function of TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)?

It stimulates the thyroid gland.

What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex in response to stress?

Cortisol.

What is the function of aldosterone?

It helps regulate sodium and potassium levels.

What are the main hormones produced by the pancreas?

Glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin.

What is the primary function of thyroid hormone (T3/T4)?

It is the body's major metabolic hormone, increasing the basal metabolic rate.

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone?

It raises blood calcium levels in response to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia).

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

Estrogen and progesterone.

What hormone is associated with childbirth and stimulates smooth muscle contractions?

Oxytocin.

What practice questions are suggested for preparation?

Study for Quiz #1 and take the Mastering A&P online quiz.

What are gonadotropins?

Hormones that regulate gonadal hormones, including FSH and LH.