Antidepressants - Li

Types of Depression

Reactive, major depressive disorder, bipolar affective

Clinical features of depression

Physiological, Psychological, and cognitive

Drugs that induce depression

Antihypertensives and cardiovascular, sedative hypnotics, anti-inflammatory and analgesics, steroids

“Biogenic Amine” Hypothesis of Depression

Depletion of NE and 5HT causes depression, genetic polymorphisms of SERT promotors can also cause depression, and alterations in a2 receptors

Neuroendocrinic Hypothesis of Depression

Changes in HPA axis causes CRF to be released. ACTH promotes release of cortisol from adrenal

Neurotrophic hypothesis of depression

BDNF is critical in neural plasticity, resilience, and neurogenesis

Norepinephrine and Serotonin are normally degraded by what?

Monoamine Oxidase

Stress activates what receptors? What do they release and cause?

Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptrs that release cortisol which decreases BDNF

Ketamine

1) MOA

2) Effects

Rapid acting NMDA antagonist that promotes synaptogenesis and increases BDNF

Esketamine

1) MOA

2) Use

3) route of admin

works via NMDA antagonism and AMPA recepter activation, used for treatment resistant depression, and intranasl

Zulresso

1) MOA

2) Use

Resensitives GABA-A receptors, used in post partum depression