Module 7 Lesson 1,2,3

the 2 types of cellular transport are…

Passive and active transport

What is passive transport? (small, uses kinetic energy)

1. it does not require energy in the form of ATP

2. [high] →[low] - to maintain internal balance

3. goes down or along the [gradient]

What is active transport? (big)

1. does require energy in the form of ATP

2. [low] →[high]

3. Against or up the [gradient]

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

1. Simple diffusion

2. Facilitated diffusion

3. Osmosis

What is simple diffusion?

Simple diffusion moves particles where there are more, to where there are less

[high]→[low]

it does not require energy because it is already in motion

What is facilitated diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins (carrier and channel) to move small polar molecules and certain ions

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

[high]→[low]

[more water]→[less water]

[hypo]→[hyper]

What is a hypotonic solution?

it is a solution where there are more water, and less solute *the ideal state for plants* turgor pressure

What is a hypertonic solution?

it is a solution where there are more solute, and less water - plasmolyze or plasmolysis

What is an isotonic solution?

it is a solution where there are equal parts solute and water *the ideal state for animals*

What are the 2 types of active transport?

1. endocytosis

2. exocytosis

What are the two types endocytosis?

1. phagocytosis (cell eating)

• brings in bulk solids

2. pinocytosis (cell drinking)

• brings in bulk liquids

helps let the bulk liquids and solids through the plasma membrane

What is exocytosis?

it gets rid of the bulk liquids and solids

• helps the bulk liquids and solids get out of the plasma membrane

what does concentration mean?

the amount of substance in an area

What does dynamic equilibrium mean?

it’s where the particles continue to move freely, but the concentration stays the same

• food dye mixing in water without stirring it

What do transport proteins do?

helps move substances across the plasma membrane against the normal flow

what does equalibrium mean?

it is where the particles are freely moving, are no longer a [gradient], and have no net movement/change

What are three ways that affect the rate of diffusion?

1. concentration

2. temperature

3. pressure

this makes them collide with each other more, making it more faster

What is in the head of the phospholipid bilayer?

1. phosphate group (polar)

2. glycerol (polar)

What is in the tail of the phospholipid bilayer?

2 fatty acids (non polar)

What is in the middle of the tails?

cholesterol (non polar) - helps maintain fluidity by making sure the tails don’t stick together

What are the large things going through the phospholipid bilayer?

proteins (polar)

What can pass easily through the plasma membrane? (no protein)

1. small polar molecules (H2O/ethanol/amino acids)

2. hydrophobic molecules (gas (O2)/CoO2)

What needs a protein to go through the cell membrane?

1. glucose (carbohydrates)

2. proteins

3. ions (anything with a charge)

What are the levels of organization for the cell?

atoms, elements, compounds/molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissue

What makes up the cell theory?

1. All living things are made up of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of life

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

What is another name for the plasma membrane?

cell membrane, phospholipid bilayer, fluid mosaic model

What does the phospholipid bilayer do?

it is a selectively permeable membrane controls what goes in and out and helps to maintain homeostasis

What makes up a prokaryotic cell?

1. unicellular

2. has no true nucleus

3. has no membrane bound organelles

4. bacteria

What makes up the eukaryotic cell?

1. can be unicellular and multicellular

2. has a true nucleus

3. has membrane bound organelles

4. Protist, plants, fungi, animals

What are the 5 membrane bound organelles found in the eukaryotic cell?

1. golgi apparatus

2. lysosome

3. mitochondria

4. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

5. chloroplast

Which type of cell is more larger and complex?

eukaryotic