Industrial Revolution: Key Concepts and Innovations

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Industrial Revolution, including important inventions, impacts, and stages of industrialization.

Industrial Revolution

The transition from creating goods by hand to using machines; a period of major mechanization and innovation that began in Great Britain during the mid 18th century.

Spinning Jenny

A key invention by James Hargreaves that allowed one worker to spin multiple threads at once, enhancing textile production.

Steam Engine

A major development of the Industrial Revolution that used boiling water to create mechanical motion for various industries.

Coal, electricity, oil

New sources of energy introduced during the second stage of the Industrial Revolution around 1850.

Assembly lines

Mass production technique popularized by Henry Ford, enabling the efficient assembly of products in factories.

Urbanization

The increase in population in urban areas as people moved from rural areas to find work in factories, significantly impacted by the Industrial Revolution.

Negative impacts of industrialization

Horrible living conditions for workers, poor nutrition, dangerous workplaces, child labor, and environmental harm.

Positive impacts of industrialization

Advancements in production, growth in innovations and inventions, higher wages for workers, and improvements in transportation networks.

Digital technology

Technological advancements in the Industrial Revolution's third stage, including computers, internet, and robotics.

Globalization

A process that connects industries worldwide, becoming significant during the third stage of the Industrial Revolution.