8.4Linguistic Comprehension, Speech Perception, Lexical Access & Language Production

Linguistic Comprehension, Speech Perception, Lexical Access & Language Production

Why is acoustic information an unreliable indicator of phonemes?

Due to coarticulation, variability, & context dependence.

Why does Motor Theory propose mirror activation?

Listener’s Broca’s area simulates the speaker’s articulatory gestures.

What does TRACE explain well?

Effects of context, inhibition, and interaction between phonological & lexical levels.

Why is the Forster Model efficient for frequent words?

High-frequency words appear earlier in lexical lists.

What type of processing does Cohort Model use?

Mixed: autonomous (initial) + interactive (later).

What does Levelt mean by "from intention to articulation"?

Language production transforms thought → linguistic structure → motor output.

What is the difference between lexical access and word recognition?

• Recognition = selecting the correct word

• Access = retrieving full linguistic information

Why is speech perception species-specific?

Humans have early phonetic discrimination abilities even before language exposure.

hat problem do all perception models try to solve?

Mapping variable acoustic input to stable phonemic categories.

Which models are bottom-up?

Forster, early Cohort stages.

Which models include top-down effects?

• TRACE, later Cohort phases, context-driven logogen activation.

Which model best explains McGurk effect?

• Motor Theory.

Which model explains fast recognition in noisy environments?

TRACE (via feedback & inhibition).

Which model emphasizes frequency effects?

Logogen Model (threshold differences).

Which production phase involves grammar?

Formulation (grammatical encoding).

Which phase involves thought but not language?

Conceptualization