Antisocial psych exam 3

Antisocial Personality Disorder

- A history of continuous behavior in which the rights of others are violated

- At least 18 years of age and must have a history of some symptoms of conduct disorder before age 15

- Impulsivity, lack of empathy, deceitfulness

- Common diagnosis of offenders

Conducting Criminal Responsibility Evaluations

- Mental illness itself does not absolve a person of criminal responsibility

- Bias in forensic reports

- No systematic, nationwide data on how often the insanity defense is actually used

Research on Mental Disorder and Violence

- Individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk of violent offending and higher risk to commit murder

- Men who have both schizophrenia and a substance abuse problem are at an increased risk of violent offending

- The MacArthur Research Network

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Disorders

- Disturbances in cognition, emotional responses, and behavior

- Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

- Proportion of violent crimes is small but level of violence is higher- Delusional Disorder

The Brawner Rule and the American Law Institute Rule

- The disease or mental defect substantially and directly

-Influenced the defendant's mental or emotional processes

-Impaired his or her ability to control behavior

-Recognizes partial responsibility

The Insanity Defense Reform Act (IDRA)

- The mental disease or defect must be severe

- Abolished the volitional prong of Brawner/A L I Rule

- Modified the cognitive requirement

The M'Naghten Rule

- Formulated in 1843

- Right and wrong test

- Cognitive elements

- Irresistible impulse test

Unique Defenses and Conditions

- Posttraumatic stress disorder

- Dissociation

- Dissociative identity disorder

- Dissociative amnesia

Aggravated Assault

- The intentional inflicting of bodily injury on another person, or the attempt to inflict such injury

- Often accompanied by the use of a deadly or dangerous weapon

Criminal Homicide

- Causing the death of another person without legal justification or excuse

- Murder

Presence of malice aforethought

- Nonnegligent manslaughter

- Absence of malice aforethought

- Negligent manslaughter

- Involuntary manslaughter

Demographic and Other Factors

- Race

- African Americans are disproportionately represented in the arrest and conviction data

- Gender

- Males account for 90% of arrest rates for murder

Homicide

- General altercation

- Hostile aggression

- Reactive violence

- Felony commission

- Instrumental aggression

- Proactive violence

Medical Child Abuse

- Munchausen syndrome by proxy

- Parent(s) consistently and chronically bring a child in for medical attention with symptoms falsified or directly induced by the parent(s)

- Abusive head trauma -Shaken baby syndrome

Other Types of Family Violence

- Infanticide

- Multiassaultive Families

- Sibling-to-sibling violence

- Child to parent

- Elder abuse

The Cycle of Violence

- The cycle of violence hypothesis

- Coercion theory

- Many victims avoid repeating the pattern

- Children who are maltreated are at risk of further victimization as adults

Thrownaway and Runaway Children

- Thrownaway children

- Parent or caretaker throws child out of home

- Runaway children

- Escape abuse or neglect

- NISMART

- Does not reflect missing immigrant children

A Mass Murder Typology

Fox and Levin's (2003) five-category typology based on motivation

1. Revenge

2. Power

3. Loyalty

4. Profit

5. Terror

Crime Scene Profiling

- Examines features relevant to an unknown offender based on characteristics of the crime

- Classifications

- Organized

- Disorganized

- Mixed

Equivocal Death Analysis

- Reconstructive psychological evaluation

- Psychological autopsy

- Relevant in the case of single murders, if there is question whether an individual committed suicide or was murdered

- Reliability and validity remains open to debate

Female Serial Killers

- Victims are husbands, former husbands, suitors,children, elderly

- Motive is material or monetary gain

- Method involves poison or pill overdose

- Healthcare worker killings

Geographical Location

- Comfort zones defined by an anchor point

- Rossmo's four hunting patterns

1. Hunter

2. Poacher

3. Troller

4. Trapper

Investigative Psychology: 3 Fundamental Questions

- What are the important behavioral features of the crime that may help identify and successfully prosecute the perpetrator?

- What inferences can be made about the characteristics offenders that may help identify them?

- Are there any other crimes that are likely to have been committed by the same person?

Multiple Murder

- Serial

- Cooling-off period

- Spree

- No cooling-off period, usually two or more locations

- Mass

- Single location

- No cooling-off period

Public Mass Shootings

- Active shooter situation

- Most perpetrators do not have criminal history

- Crime is carefully planned

- Perpetrators plan to die in the shooting

School Violence

More occur in the U.S. than other countries combined

Workplace Violence

Incidents in which the offender intends to cause serious physical or bodily harm to an individual or individuals within an organization or to the organization itself