AP PSYCH- Unit 1

 Wilhelm Wundt

First psychological laboratory experiments. Carefully measured observation and experimentation 

 William James

 Established the school of functionalism which opposed structuralism. Authored principles of psychology 

 Sigmund Freud-

He founded psychoanalysis which studied ways unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior ( father of psychoanalysis)

Structuralism-

 reflects on thoughts or feelings after a stimulus 

 John B. Watson-

Conducted famous but unethical ‘ little albert’ experiments 

 Behaviorism-

 Defined psych as a scientific study of observable behavior without reference to medical processes

- Neuroscience-

 How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Case Study

- A technique in which 1 person or group is studied in-depth to reveal underlying behavioral principles

Survey-

 A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes, opinions or behaviors of people done by questioning

Naturalistic Observation-

A study in which the researcher carefully observes and records behavior of animals or humans without interfering with the behavior

 Double-Blind Study-

neither the experimenter nor the subjects know which group they are in 

Mode

most frequently occurring score 

Mean

 average of scores 

Median

 the middle score

Range

the difference between the highest and lowest score

Standard Deviation-

a measure of how much scores vary around the mean 

Psychodynamic-

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and inner conflicts 

 Social-Cultural

 How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures 

Clinical Psychology

study, assess, and treat troubled people with psychotherapy

• Illusory Correlation-

 the perception of a relationship where no relationship exists 

 Control Condition

a group that is not experimented on

• Placebo Effect-

 an inactive substance used in an experiment 

Naturalistic Observation-

A study in which the researcher carefully observes and records behavior of animals or humans without interfering with the behavior

 Correlational Coefficient-

 A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables