Environmental Science Chapter 14 - Water Resources

water

Precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or evaporate is called ____.
a. run off
b. perspiration
c. run in
d. condensation
e. transpiration

a. run off

The geological layer, consisting of underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock, where groundwater flows, is called ____.
a. the bedrock
b. an aquifer
c. surface water
d. the zone of saturation
e. the water table

b. an aquifer

What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by water?
a. 86%
b. 71%
c. 67%
d. 58%
e. 52%

b. 71%

What is the land from which surface water drains into a particular lake, river, or other body of water?
a. an aquifer
b. surface water
c. the bedrock
d. watershed
e. the zone of saturation

d. watershed

What percentage of water withdrawn from lakes, streams, and rivers is used by cities and residences?
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 50%
d. 70%
e. 80%

a. 10%

At a certain depth, the area where the spaces in soil and rock are completely filled with water. What is this called?
a. surface water
b. the water table
c. an aquifer
d. the zone of saturation
e. the bedrock

d. the zone of saturation

Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to accumulation of salts in the upper layers of the soil, a process called ____.
a. desertification
b. soil erosion
c. salinization
d. waterlogging
e. overgrazing

c. salinization

The term subsidence refers to
a. failure of the groundwater supply
b. money paid by the government to farmers
c. living on very little money
d. sinking of ground when water has been withdrawn
e. intrusion of salt water into a freshwater aquifer

d. sinking of ground when water has been withdrawn

The best way to maintain soil fertility is through
a. using low till planting
b. applying commercial inorganic fertilizer
c. soil conservation
d. applying animal manure
e. applying organic fertilizer

c. soil conservation

Areas such as the San Joaquin Valley and Mexico City have experienced subsidence because ____.
a. groundwater was overpumped
b. of urban growth that made the area sink
c. of a drought that lasted decades
d. the sediments were all clay
e. the main rivers were dammed

a. groundwater was overpumped

When the productive potential of soil, especially on arid or semiarid land, falls by 10% or more because of prolonged drought and human activities, ____ occurs.
a. overgrazing
b. soil erosion
c. waterlogging
d. desertification
e. salinization

d. desertification

Water in the spaces between soil, rock, and gravel is called what ____.
a. soil aquifer
b. groundwater
c. soil moisture
d. perched water table
e. capillary fringe water

b. groundwater

The United States is withdrawing groundwater from aquifers at a rate that is ____ times faster than it can be recharged.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 10

c. 4

What is the largest cause of soil erosion?
a. flowing water
b. mountain avalanches
c. wind
d. sink holes
e. still water

a. flowing water

What process adds water until the water table rises and envelops the deep roots of plants, resulting in a loss of productivity and ultimately killing them?
a. salinization
b. waterlogging
c. overgrazing
d. soil erosion
e. desertification

b. waterlogging

What percentage of the world's reliable surface runoff is currently being withdrawn?
a. 10%
b. 18%
c. 22%
d. 34%
e. 45%

d. 34%