March 7th vocab

Tinker v. Des Moines

Court ruling that the First Amendment applies to public schools, and officials cannot censor student speech unless it disrupts the educational process.

Obscenity

Quality of a work that appeals to a prurient interest in sex by depicting sexual conduct in an offensive way and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

Clear and present danger test

Interpretation of the First Amendment stating the government cannot interfere with speech unless it presents a clear and present danger of leading to evil or illegal acts.

Schenck v. US

Case where Schenck was charged with violating the Espionage Act by attempting to cause military insubordination and obstruct recruitment.

NY Times v. US

Ruling that abolished government's power to censor the press, ensuring the press remains free to criticize the Government.

Prior restraint

Censorship imposed before speech is made or a newspaper is published; usually presumed unconstitutional.

2nd Amendment

The right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed; related to the necessity of a regulated Militia.

8th Amendment

Protection against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

4th Amendment

Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.

Selective incorporation

Process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights are applied to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.

McDonald v. Chicago

Case that incorporated the individual's right to bear arms for self-defense at state and local levels.

14th Amendment

No state shall make or enforce laws that abridge the privileges or immunities of U.S. citizens.

Due process

Established rules that restrain government officials' actions.

Miranda Rule

Police must inform suspects of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before custodial questioning.

5th Amendment

Protection against self-incrimination.