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What are the three ways adaptation can be used
Describes characters/traits seen in animals
Describes a process - natural selection acting to adjust the frequency of fitness-related genotypes
Describe short-term compensatory changes seen in animals in response to environmental variation/disturbance
What are the four Physiological responses and what there time frame is
Adaptation - slow process, over a long time, rarely reversible
Acclimitization - more rapid physiological/biochemical change after exposure to new environmental conditions
Acclimation - similar to acclimitization but usually responses to a single environmental variable in the lab
Acute response - veru short-term changes
Define homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
3 ways to achieve homeostasis
Avoidance - get away from an environmental problem, spatial/temporal response
Conformity - change internal state so similar to external environment
Regulation - aim to maintain internal state irrespective of external environment
What animals tend to be avoiders and conformers and why
Smaller, soft-bodied animals
Large SA:vol; rapids fluxes; little in-built protection; no protective ‘layer’
what animals show some regulation and partial regulators or spatial avoiders
Animals with exoskeletons of small/medium size
What animals are likely to be regulators in all environments
Large animals
At what level with in an animal can adaptation occur
The major body compartments in an animal and the exchange routes between
Where can adaptation occur (4)
At the outside surface
Between the circulating fluid and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
Between the ECF and the cells
Within cells
