Biologic sampling 1

Sample timing

Animal’s current status before therapeutics (drugs or iv fluids)

Sample timing exceptions

drug levels, and function tests

Aseptic (sample conditions)

will not introduce infection/bacteria into the body

Clean (sample conditions)

use an antiseptic (ex. alcohol)

The very first step of sample handling

Gather your equipment

Common equipment (sample handaling)

syringe/hypodermic needle

tubes/vials/containers

scalpel blades/glass slides

collection loops/ sterile swabs

growth media/ gloves

Storage strategies

anticoagulants/preservatives

refrigeration/freezing

specialized media ( culture)

Blood collection

venous

arterial

bone marrow

Urination collection

free catch

bladder expression

catheterization

cystocentesis

Centesis (needle)

abdomen

thorax

joints

central nervous system

FNA

Fine needle aspiration (thrust or negative pressure)

Negative vs positive pressure

n- inside, p- outside

Culture (bacterial)

Aerobic (with oxygen), anaerobic (without oxygen)

Other 2 cultures

fungal and skin scraping

Blood collection Equipment

Needle (18-25 gauge), syringe (1-12cc), vacuum tube 

Blood collection common sites

cephalic, jugular, saphenous

Cephalic technique

parts of a syringe

Direction of blood flow in veins

goes toward the heart

Direction of blood flow in arteries

Flow away from the heart

Prep for blood collection

possible) clip hair

alcohol was (dry off)

stabilize vein (thumb assistance)

Needle insertion bevel up parallel with vein (15-30 degrees)

Hemostasis

stop hemergeign with direct pressure (alait)

Blood collection complications

Multi penetrations (blown vein)

needle occlusion

hemorrhage

hematoma

Needle occlusion

vein collapse 

vessel wall

venous valves

Urine collection equipment

needle (-22gauge)

syringe

sterile catheter

tube/vial

possible) sterile gloves

Urine collection routes

expression

catheterization

cystocentesis

storage (urine)

clean/dry and sterile container

analysis (urine)

immediate, >30 minutes, or refrigerate

Voided urine collection

canine: pool/ cup, bowl (female saucer)

feline: nonabsorptive litter

Bladder expression

palpate bladder

use flats of fingers

put mild to moderate steady pressure till sphincter relaxes