Bio unit cells and organelles

Passive Transport

Movement of substances
(High to Low) without energy

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration through phospholipids

Osmosis

Movement of WATER molecules from high concentration to low concentration through protein channel

Hypertonic

Concentration of solutes (salt) outside of cell is higher than inside of cell. Water will move out of cell.

In hypertonic solution the water moves...

Out of the cell, they shrivel and wilt

Hypotonic

Concentration of solutes (salt) inside of cell is higher than outside of cell. Water will move into the cell.

In hypotonic solutions the water moves...

Into the cell, they swell and may burst

Isotonic

Concentration of solutes (salt) inside of cell is equal to the outside of cell. Water will move into and out of the cell at the same time.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration through protein channel (the help)

Protein Channels

Let molecules in and out of the cell so they do not have to pass through the phospholipids

Active transport

Movement of substances
(Low to High)
REQUIRES ENERGY and protein pumps

Endocytosis

Substances in vesicle gains entry into cell without passing through cell membrane

Exocytosis

Substances in vesicle release (exit) from the cell without passing through cell membrane

Phospholipids

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

polar head

part of the phospholipid that is attracted to water.

nonpolar tails

part of the phospholipid bilayer; they face inside and are hydrophobic (water fearing)

Solute

the substance that is dissolved

Nucleus

Stores DNA

Mitochondria

"Powerhouse" or "Energy producer"; breaks down glucose and makes energy (ATP)

Vesicles

"Packages," small membrane bound sacs that transport materials around cell and to cell membrane

Central Vacuole

"warehouse," stores food, water, waste; larger in plant cells

Lysosome

"garbage disposal," breaks down macromolecules using enzymes into smaller molecules; digests old cell parts

Ribosome

Helps build/assemble proteins; given "how to instructions" from DNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Contains ribosomes; site where proteins are made. Packages them into vesicles before sending to Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus

"FedEx", fixes or re-packages proteins before shipping them off in vesicles to leave the cell

Chloroplast

Plant organelle that captures sunlight and make sugars (glucose) [they are green because of chlorophyll]

Cell Wall

Gives rigid support and protection to plant cell; made of cellulose

Cell Membrane

"Cell Bouncer", controls what comes in and out of the cell, made of phospholipids

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like interior, mostly water and dissolved substances. Area in which all organelles float in