Chemical Reactions

Decomposition

Reactions that breaks molecules into smaller fragments

Hydrolysis

A decomposition reaction involving water

Catabolism

Decomposition of complex molecules in cells and tissues

Synthesis

The opposite of decomposition

Dehydration

Formation of a complex molecule by the removal of a water molecule

Anabolism

The synthesis of complex molecules in cells and tissues

Oxidation-reduction

Reactions where electrons are exchanged between the reactants

Acids

Any substance that increases the [H+] when dissolved in a solution

Hydrochloric acid (HCI) ionizes completely; pH will go..

Down

Bases

Any substance that increases the [OH-] when dissolved in a solution

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH); pH will go…

Up

Buffers

System of molecules and ions that act to resist changes in pH

Organic molecules

Molecules that contain carbon

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars that play a role in energy storage

Glucose + Fructose =

Sucrose

Glucose + Galactose =

Lactose

Glucose x2 =

Maltose

Energy storage for plants

Starch

Energy storage for animals

Glycogen