Geography - Changing economic world

quality of life

the standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or a group

name 2 HICs

• Saudi Arabia

• USA

name 2 NEEs

• Nigeria

• China

name 2 LICs

• Burundi

• Syria

primary industry

an industry that extracts raw materials from the earth

secondary industry

an industry that uses raw materials and turns them into useful products

tertiary industry

an industry that provides a service for people

quaternary industry

an industry that focuses on design and high technology

what is a DTM

a representation of the change in population over time

what is a physical factor that affects development

• natural hazards - Haiti for example had their GNI dropped by 5% due to an earthquake in 2010

what is a historical factor that affects development

• colonialism - when the british empire ruled many countries in asia and africa had their goods exploited, meaning that britain then gained more income and developed rapidly

what is an economic factor that affects development

• trapped in poverty - many LICs like haiti dont have enough money to invest in a business, so their income doesn’t increase which means they are stuck in a cycle of poverty

what is disparity in wealth

when wealth isn’t divided equally between countries, for example central african countries have a GNI of around $4000 where as european countries have a GNI of around $50,000 - stuck in a cycle of poverty

what is disparity in health

healthcare is distributed unevenly in the world meaning that LOCs can’t control outbreaks of disease when a HIC can so the death rate increases in a LIC

what is international migration

many people move from places with low development to places with high development e.g. the uk meaning that people pay lots of money to gain access to the UK to be able to live here

what is investment

• money is given to a country and is used to invest in various areas e.g. healthcare or education

• this means that life expectancy increases or literacy rate increases, so people can work in better jobs increasing development

what is industrial development

• money is given to build factories and other industries

• more jobs are created so more money being generated due to selling products and tax on peoples wages, so the money can be spent on the economy

what is aid

• the gift of money or goods

• these can be sold in the country meaning more income for the economy and can be spent on improving healthcare or education

what is intermediate technology

simple technology given that is easily worked, maintained and fixed

what is the afridev pump

• less people drink dirty water

• cholera/typhoid cases decrease

• more people attend school

• life expectancy increases

• economic development

what is fairtrade

• a systems that gives producers more money from the goods sold

• the GNI will increase which means more moeny is being taxed so it can be used to improve area of the economy

what is debt relief

• money owed to a HIC by a LIC or a NEE is cancelled or lowered

• HICs don’t get more money and LICs or NEEs can hold o to the money they have

what are microfinance loans

• small loans given to start a business

• the business can bring in income from selling products to people in the city so then the GNI of the country will increase and s the development will also increase

what is the capital city or Nigeria

Abuja

what is Nigeria’s regional importance

• biggest population within Africa

• on the coast, access to oil so it can bring in a lot of income

• largest economy in Africa

what is Nigeria’s global importance

• 10th largest oil reserve in the world, 37billion barrels

• in the top 10 most populated countries

• one of the major contributors to the UN peace keeping

when did Nigeria leave the british empire

1960

what type of industry are Nigeria in

over time more people have moved from primary industry to secondary and tertiary industry while a few people work in quaternary industry

how does shell benefit Nigeria

• provide more jobs - more income

• gives people qualifications and skills for other jobs

• invested $25billion in education in 2017

• provide education funding programmes

what are the disadvantages to shell in Nigeria

• shell can withdraw from Nigeria whenever they want

• 65% of profit is taken out of Nigeria

• in 2008 they spilled 120,000 barrels of oil a day

• they put pressure on the government

what is official development assistance

• given by the government by tax payers money

• multilateral - aid from more than one country

• bilateral - aid from one country to another

Aid projects in Nigeria

• Christian aid - gave 1 million mosquito nets, reaching almost 2 million people

• UK government - funded health and HIV programmes

what is sustainable development

meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations

what is the north/south divide

a term given to social, cultural and economic differences between the nothern and sourthern regions of the UK

Northern England

• high unemployment levels

• slower population growth

• less demand for housing

Sourthern England

• flat fertile farmland

• growing population

• high employment levels

the northern powerhouse

• 150bn invested in transport

• 45bn invested in businesses

• 13bn invested in education

the northern powerhouse evaluation

• in the north there are 200,000 more children in poverty

• in the north 150,000 people are paid less than the living wage

Devolution

• giving additional money to smaller councils in the north

devolution evaluation

• bee network

• between 2016 and 202 life expectancy rose by 0.2 of a year

assissted areas

• business loans to start a business

• tax allowance to make it cheaper to locate there

assisted areas evaluation

• northern areas still have higher unemployment

• people in the south still earn more

• scotland, ireland and wales dont have as many bussinesses starting up

smart motorways advantage

people aren’t stuck in traffic for as long because speed limits vary

smart motorways disadvantage

lots of money is needed

london gateway advantage

lots of people are employed there

london gateway disadvantage

enhances the north/south divide

Capel Dewi - south wales - reverse multiplier effect

• young people leave for more opportunities

• employers find it difficult to recruit people

• less investment and businesses close

• leads to a service decline

• people notice the lower quality of life and move away

Kidlington - west london - multiplier effect

• people move in for more opportunities

• money is brought into the area and is spent on local shops

• more businesses are encouraged to open

• more housing is built

• people notice the better quality of life