DEEP BACK MUSCLES

SEMISPINALIS

PROXI: arises from transverse processes of C4-T12 vertebrae

DISTAL: Occipital bone, between the superior and inferior nuchal lines, Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae, Spinous processes of the upper thoracic

MULTIFIDUS

PROXI: Posterior sacrum Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) Aponeurosis of the erector spinae Sacroiliac ligaments Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae T1-T3 Articular processes of C4-C7

DISTAL: Spinous processes of all vertebrae from C2 to L5.

ROTATORES

PROXI: arise from transverse processes of vertebrae; best developed in thoracic region

DISTAL: transverse and spinous process of vertebrae

INTERSPINALES

PROXI: Superior surfaces of spinous processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

DISTAL: Inferior surfaces of spinous processes of vertebra superior to vertebra of proximal attachment

TRANSVERSARII

PROXI: Transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

DISTAL: Transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

INNERVATION

POSTERIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES