Reading and Writing Skills - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on patterns of development, text structure, critical reading, and professional writing.

Pattern of development

The logical arrangement of ideas in a text guiding readers; patterns include explanation, description, chronology/procedure, exemplification, cause-and-effect, problem-solution, and persuasion.

Coherence

The logical, clear, and smooth flow of ideas at the conceptual level that supports a writer’s arguments.

Cohesion

The connection of ideas at the sentence level, achieved through transitions, pronouns, and repetition of keywords.

Organization

Proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas within a text.

Signal Words

Words or phrases that signal the type of pattern of development being used (e.g., for example, first, consequently).

Description pattern

A pattern that provides details about an idea using sensory or spatial arrangements.

Chronology/Procedure pattern

Patterns that organize by time (Narration) or by steps (Process).

Exemplification pattern

A pattern that provides enough specific examples to support the main idea.

Cause and Effect pattern

A pattern that organizes details based on causes/reasons and effects/results.

Problem-Solution pattern

A pattern that addresses a problem and proposes one or more solutions.

Persuasion pattern

A pattern that presents an issue, position, and supporting evidence to lead to a conclusion.

Claim of Fact

A type of claim that can be verified as true or false; states what is or isn’t.

Claim of Value

An evaluative claim about what is better or worse, justified with evidence.

Claim of Policy

A claim advocating a specific course of action or policy to solve a problem.

Rogerian Method

A negotiating approach that seeks mutual understanding by acknowledging opposing views and finding common ground.

Hypertext

Text containing external links that allow non-linear reading, often accessed via URLs.

Intertext

The idea that a text is shaped by other texts; includes relationships like allusion, quotation, retelling, and pastiche.

Allusion

An indirect reference to another text or source.

Quotation

Directly quoting words from another text.

Pastiche

A work that imitates the style or characteristics of another text, often as homage or parody.

Retelling

Restating the content of another text in one’s own words or form.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator; the web address of a hypertext.

Evidence (textual evidence)

Details from a text used to support a claim, including facts, statistics, and expert opinions.

Direct Quote

A word-for-word excerpt from a source, usually enclosed in quotation marks.

Paraphrase

Restating information from a source in your own words.

Literature Review

A synthesis and critical analysis of existing scholarly work on a topic, often forming part of a research paper.

Research Report

An expanded paper presenting interpretations and analyses based on experiments and literature; includes a title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, and references.

Book Review/Article Critique

A critical assessment of a scholarly work, focusing on analysis and justification rather than a mere summary.

Project Proposal

A persuasive document outlining a proposed project, including context, justification, plan, budget, and evaluation.

Position Paper

A document stating one’s stance on an issue and presenting arguments and recommended actions.

Resume

A concise summary of qualifications, education, and experience used for job or college applications.

Cover Letter

A letter introducing an applicant, highlighting qualifications, and expressing interest in a position.

Memo

An internal document used to convey policies or information; includes format elements like header, date, To/From, subject, and body.

Email

Electronic mail; professional messages with fields such as To, From, Subject, and Body.