biol214 quiz 1

people and observations/inferences/predictions

Aristotle

Chain of being

Hierarchy

(plants _> God)

Robert Grant

Speculated that “transformation” may affect all organisms; took credit for Darwin’s discoveries

Very first scientific mentor of Darwin

Transformation: Species could change over time

John Stevens Henslow

An influential mentor who encouraged Darwin to keep studying natural history; botanist; creationist but a supporter of Darwin’s work; invited Darwin on HMS Beagle

Did not believe that species could change over time

Robert Fitzroy

Captain of the Beagle; contributed to Darwin’s work by providing documentation of birds collected on the Galapagos Islands

because Darwin did not write down data but Fitzroy could confirm

Erasmus Darwin

Darwin’s Grandfather; wrote about the idea of species changing from one to another

Darwin did not agree with him

Lamarck

Focused only on evolution (physical changes in organisms during their lifetime through increased use- could be transmitted to their offspring); use and disuse; species change over time and gave a mechanism for it.

Transmutationist, characteristics could be inherited

Traits → offspring

Gradually over time

The environment was driving changes that were favorable for existence

Did not believe in exinction

Hutton

Proposed the geology we see today is the result of slow processes acting over long periods of time.

Gradualism

Gradual change in layers, land masses, catastrophic events did not change most of these, smaller scale and at a slower rate

erosion, weather, etc can change landscapes and it takes a lot of time

Lyell

Forces that were part of creating the Earth are still in motion and the Earth is dynamic; geologist

Uniformitarianism

gradual forces, happening at the same rate now than they have throughout history

Darwin had a man crush on this guy

Malthus

Human populations, famine and disease, and the shortness of supplies will regulate population growth/levels

these things restrict the amount of people that could live in an area, the population size is not going to continue to increase indefinitely.

“why are we not overrun” regulation

limits population naturally

Cuvier

catastrophes, fossils at the bottom are older but not connected at all to the ones in the upper layers; earth repopulated; focused on anti-evolution extinction based explanation

Carl Linnaeus

the classification system of the 3 kingdoms; taxonomy

Wallace

species change through modification (N.S)

The distribution of species occurred from the slow movement of tectonic plates

Same as Darwin, but had no credibility