Science Biomolecules Test

Importance of water in biomolecules

3-5 days without water before you die

-cools us off

-transports materials in the body

-dissolves materials (in digestive system)

-helps chemical reactions

-85% of your brain, 80%of blood, 70% of muscle

Organic compounds vs. Inorganic compounds

Organic compounds contain carbon (and hydrogen) ex: protein, carb, fat and DNA while inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.

CARBOHYDRATES- elements

CHO

LIPIDS- elements 

CHO

Protein- elements

CHON 

What is an enzyme and how does it work?

NUCLEIC ACIDS - elements

CHONP

Carbohydrates shape

Hexagon/ stop sign

Main use of carbs 

Energy for us 

Chemistry of Life

65% oxygen, 10% hydrogen, 18% carbon and 3% nitrogen

Atoms

smallest unit of matter that make up everything

Elements

substances made up of one type of atom

What are the main atoms that make us up?

CHONPS 

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfer

Compounds/molecules

A group of atoms bounded that take part in chemical reaction

-Molecules in living things (biomolecules) are

-water

-carbohydrates

-protein 

-fats/lipids 

-Nucleic acids 

Monosaccaride meaning

mono=one saccharide=sugar unit

-carbs that are made up of single sugar units 

-clumped together in food but not chemically bonded 

Monosaccharide Uses and examples

Very FAST energy

-since they are single sugar units they don’t need to be chemically digested and can just difuse into the bloodstream

-fruits, honey,

Disaccharide meaning 

Di=two saccaride= sugar unit

-since these carbs have 2 sugar units they must be chemically digested before it can be defused into the bloodstream

Disaccharide examples

Anything with table sugar,(sucrose) cookies candy

Polysaccaride meaning 

poly=many saccaride= sugar unit

-long steady energy source since sugar units are slowly digested apart and put into blood

Polysaccharide examples

grain, flour, potatoes, starchy vegetables,

What smaller unit are carbs made of?

What are all carbs used for?

When and why would a person prefer eating a monosaccharide over a polysaccharide?

What is the main source of food that contains disaccharide? 

Carbs are made of saccharides (sugar units)

All carbs are used for energy 

When they need quick energy 

Table sugar 

Words that end in -ose are often

carbohydrates

What are lipids made out of ?

smaller units (fatty acid chains linked together). These units must be broken apart to get to the bloodstream

Lipid functions

stored energy (on the body)

insulation 

protect organs 

Lipid sources

lard, butter, oil, cholesterol

What are proteins made out of? 

Protein functions?

smaller units called amino acids 

-cell growth, makes up hair, nails, skin, repairs cells 

Special proteins include

hemoglobin- found in red blood cells and attaches to oxygen

Hormones- proteins that are put into the bloodstream and cause something to happen in another area of the body and cause 

Enzymes 

-help chemical reactions occur in living things and act as a catalyst 

-fits with a substrate like a puzzle piece

what names end in -ase

enzymes and the first part of the word explain what material it is working on. 

What smaller units make up nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

-DNA code for making proteins

-RNA tranfers recipe for making proteins

DNA sources

anything made uo of cells