🔬Unit 4: Electronic Structure of Atoms + Periodic Table (Chemistry)

electromagnetic spectrum

the arrangement of types of radiation from long wavelengths to short wavelengths

visible light

the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view

bohr model

a model representing electrons in levels

energy levels

a group of electrons with similar energy levels

electron

a negatively charged subatomic particle having a minute mass that is usually ignored in mass calculations

atomic spectra

a series of lines specific for each element produced by photons emitted by electrons dropping to lower energy levels

electron energy level

a group of electrons with similar energy

elements

a pure substance containing only one type of matter, which cannot be broken down by chemical methods

flame test

a procedure used to detect the presence of certain elements based on each element’s characteristic emission spectrum

ground state

the state of lowest energy for that electron

excited state

when an electron temporarily occupies an energy state greater than its ground state

energy level

each electron has a specific energy level associated with a value, it changes level if it absorbs more energy

2n^2

the calculation for the max number of electrons, two times the square of the principal quantum number

electron capacity

the capacity of electrons that each energy level can hold

sublevels

each level has sublevels which have electrons with identical energy levels

p, d, and f

the orbitals occupied by p, d, and f electrons have three-dimensional shapes different than s electrons

orbitals

a three-dimensional volume in which electrons have the highest probability of being found

3 dimensional

s level is a sphere, p is a dumbbell, and d is a clover

quantum mechanical model

group number

each group number (e.g. 1A) corresponds with the number of electrons in the final level of the atom

valence electrons

electrons in the highest energy level of an atom

period

the number of levels corresponds with the period

# of energy levels

four energy levels

periodic trends

can be used to make predictions about the properties of elements

atomic radius

the distance from the atom's nucleus to the outer energy level

ionization energy

the amount of energy needed to remove a valence electron

electronegativity

a measure of the ability of an atom's nucleus to attract electrons from different atoms

electron configuration

a list of the number of electrons in each sublevel within an atom arranged by increasing energy

aufbau principle

noble gas notation

shortcut

lewis dot