Microorganisms: Friend and Foe - Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on microorganisms, their classifications, roles, and related diseases.

What is the study of microorganisms called?

Microbiology.

What tool is necessary to see microorganisms?

A microscope.

What are the two main types of cells that microorganisms can have?

Unicellular or multicellular.

Who improved the microscope in 1676 and discovered bacteria?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

What is the main component that defines the structure of bacteria?

They have a simple body design without a nucleus.

Name the four shapes of bacteria.

Bacillus (rod shaped), Coccus (sphere), Spirillium (spiral), Vibrio (comma shaped).

How do bacteria primarily reproduce?

Through asexual reproduction called binary fission.

What nutrient mode allows some bacteria to produce their own food?

Autotrophic nutrition.

What is an example of a heterotrophic bacteria?

Streptococcus or Clostridium.

What are fungi characterized as in terms of nutrition?

Non-green, heterotrophic microorganisms.

How do fungi reproduce vegetatively?

By budding.

What locomotion methods do protozoa use?

Cilia, Flagella, and Pseudopodia.

What type of reproduction do algae undergo?

Both asexual and sexual reproduction.

What is a distinguishing factor of viruses in relation to living cells?

They need to enter a living cell (host) to replicate.

How does yeast contribute to bread making?

By producing carbon dioxide that causes the bread to rise.

What are antibiotics derived from?

Fungi.

What process do microorganisms initiate that helps recycle essential elements?

Decomposition.

What is the method of infection for malaria?

Through Anopheles mosquitoes.

What are common symptoms of cholera?

Vomiting and severe diarrhea.

What microorganism causes the rust of wheat?

Fungi.

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

Through blood transfusion or sharing contaminated needles.