Gross Anatomy- Male and Female Pelvis

What four bones make up the bony pelvis?

ant &lat- two coxal (hip) bones
post- sacrum and coccyx

What are the three bones of the hip?

ilium
ischium
pubis

Largest foramen in the body, with pubic and ischial elements?

obturator foramen

What closes the obturator foramen?

obturator membrane

Where do all three parts of the hip mee?

acetabulum

What sits in the acetabulum?

head of femur

What are the 4 articulations of the pelvis?

lumbosacral
sacrococcygeal
sacroiliac
pubic symphasis

Synovial joints between articular processes and an intervertebral disc between vertebral bodies is present here?

lumbosacral

What do iliolumbar ligaments unite?

L5 to iliac crest of sacrum

What is the purpose of the iliolumbar ligaments?

limit axial rotation of L5

This symphysis has a thin intervertebral disc to reinforce?

sacroccygeal

What are the sacroiliac joints responsible for?

transmitting weight of body to hip bones

What holds sacroiliac joints together?

dornal, interosseous, ventral sacroiliac ligaments

What are the accessory sacroiliac ligaments?

sacrotuberous
sacrospinous

What is the role of the accessory sacroiliac ligaments?

anchor sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity and spine of ilium and ischium

Where do the accessory sacroiliac ligaments anchor to?

greater and lesser sciatica foramania

What symphysis is broader in the female than the male?

pubic symphysis

How does the pubic symphysis connect the bones superiorly and inferiorly and rounds off the angle?

superior and inferior pubic ligaments

Where are the ASIS and pubic tubercles in anatomical position?

in the same vertical plane

5 structures of the articulated pelvis?

pelvic brim
greater pelvis
lesser pelvis
pelvic inlet
pelvic outlet

Pelvic brim

Greater pelvis

false pelvis or pelvis major

Borders of greater pelvis?

ant- abdominal wall
lat- iliac fossa
post- L5-S1

What contains the pelvic viscera?

lesser pelvis

Lesser pelvis

true pelvis or pelvis minor

Boundaries of lesser pelvis?

ant- inner pubis
lat- ilium and ischium
post- sacrum and coccyx

What is contained in the lesser pelvis?

greater sciatic
lesser sciatic
obturator foramen

Pelvic inlet

superior pelvic aperture

Pelvic outlet

inferior pelvic aperture

In females, sacrum is _______
ischial tuberosities are ____
angle of pubic arch is _______
pelves are _______ and _________.

broader
everted
greater
wider
shallower

Origin and Insertion of obturator internus?

Origin- obturator membrane/foramen
Insertion- greater trochanter of femur

What does the obturator internus pass through?

lesser sciatic foramen

Action of obturator internus?

lateral rotator of thigh

Parietal fascia of the obturator internus creates what?

tendinous arch for pelvic diaphragm

Origin and Insertion of piriformis?

Origin- anterior sacrum
Insertion- greater trochanter of femur

What does the piriformis go through?

greater sciatic foramen

Action of piriformis?

lateral rotator of thigh

What forms the floor of the pelvic cavity?

pelvic diaphragm

What is the gap between the anteromedial edges of the muscles?

urogenital hiatus

What pass through the urogenital hiatus?

urethra
vagina
anal canal

What are the two muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

levator ani
coccygeus

What are the three muscles that make up the levator ani?

pubococcygeus
puborectalis
iliococcygeus

Which muscle of the levator ani is the rectal sling?

puborectalis

Origin and insertion of illiococcygeus?

origin- ischial spine
insertion- coccyx

Action of levator ani muscles?

raise pelvic floor
assist compression of abdominal and pelvic contents

Which muscle of the levator ani supports fecal mass and relieves the external anal sphincter?

puborectalis

Origin and Insertion of coccygeus?

Origin- ischial spine
Insertion- sacrum and coccyx

What does the coccygeus blend with?

sacrospinous ligament

Action of coccygeus?

raise pelvic floor

What supplies the muscles of the pelvic wall and pelvic diaphragm?

internal iliac artery

What is the first thing to break in the pelvic area and why?

bony portions of pubic rim because ligaments are so strong

What normally stretches or tears during childbirth?

levator ani

What can strengthen levator ani?

kegel exercises