RLW

Brotherhood

Can be experienced in various ways, from bayanihan to community service.

Sisterhood

The 'girl-power' version of brotherhood, where women take the lead in doing service.

Blood Compact

Where two parties partake in a shared goblet mixed with their blood to signify their willingness to die for each other's cause.

Sandugo

The Filipino term for blood compact, meaning 'one blood' or unified blood.

El Pacto de Sangre

Created by Filipino National Artist Juan Novicio Luna, meaning the blood pact.

Antonio de Morga

Spanish lawyer who headed the Real Audiencia de Manila for 20 years, born on November 29, 1559.

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Events in the Philippine Isles annotated by Jose Rizal to awaken Philippine patriotism.

Ferdinand Magellan

Conducted a blood compact with Rajah Humabon to gain the trust of natives.

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

Conducted a blood compact with Rajah Sikatuna, leading to conquest of land and faith.

Divide et impera

Latin for 'divide and conquer', a strategy applied by Spanish conquistadores in the Philippines.

Rizal's Annotations

Banned during the Spanish period due to language barriers and outdated analysis.

Morga’s Objective

To give Spanish readers a view of their deeds in discovering and conquering the natives.

Cockfighting and Engkanto

Traditions in the Philippines illustrating societal tensions during colonial rule.

Confession as Control

Used by Spanish priests to wield power over Filipinos during early colonial times.

Language as Power

Confession conducted in Spanish, reshaping Filipino identity and control.

Filipino Resistance

Filipinos resisted priests by being vague or avoiding topics in confession.

Climate and National Identity

Ilustrados compared Philippines’ tropical climate favorably against Spain’s environment.

Homesickness and Romanticization

Ilustrados missed the Philippines’ environment, appreciating its beauty and uniqueness.

Ilustrados

Educated Filipinos in the late 19th century advocating for reforms against Spanish rule.

Assimilation as Province

Ilustrados proposed treating the Philippines as an official province of Spain.

Secularization of the Church

Advocated by ilustrados to replace Spanish friars with Filipino priests in leadership.

Public Education

Ilustrados pushed for public schools independent of friar control to increase accessibility.

Abolition of Polo and Bandala

Ilustrados opposed forced labor and taxed sales seen as exploitative to the poor.

Representation in Government

Ilustrados fought for Filipinos’ rights to hold government positions.

Spain’s Internal Conflict

Hindered the reforms advocated by the ilustrados during political turmoil.

Financial Difficulties

Ilustrados faced financial challenges, impacting their ability to advocate for reforms.

Discontent Among Ilustrados

Rivalry existed within the ilustrado movement, splitting between Rizalistas and Pilaristas.

El Filibusterismo

is a sequel to "Noli Me Tangere" and means 'The Reign of Greed'.

Basilio

The protagonist in Rizal's novel "El Filibusterismo".

Simoun

Crisostomo Ibarra’s alter ego, posing as a jeweler plotting rebellion.

Isagani

The idealistic tritagonist in "El Filibusterismo."

Tritagonist

is known as the tertiary character, or the pangatlong bida, which is Isagani in the novel.

Deuteragonist

is known as the secondary character, the pangalawang bida, which in the novel is none other than Crisostomo Ibarra, now named Simoun.

Babaylan

Spiritual leaders in early Filipino religion, performing rituals for protection and healing.

Barangays

Small villages led by a datu, with social classes such as Maharlika, Timawa, and Alipin.

Marriage and Dowries

Marriages represented social alliances, with the bigay-kaya dowry and allowances for divorce.

Animism

Early Filipino belief system, worshipping spirits and performing rituals.

Trial by Ordeal

A common practice in the legal system where the accused proved innocence through tasks.

Benedict Anderson

Examined language in Rizal’s works, revealing political and social vocabulary evolution.

Language and Power Dynamics

Anderson showed how Rizal's language reflected colonial social and class dynamics.

Racial Tensions

El Filibusterismo reflected broader conflicts among the Chinese mestizo class.

Filipino Identity

Rizal's works contributed to the formation of modern Filipino identity against colonial rule.

Renewed Activity in Madrid

The Propaganda Movement aimed at advocating reforms in the Philippines.

Rizal’s Break with Del Pilar

Contrasting approaches led to a split in the Propaganda Movement.

Rizal’s Focus Shift

After stepping down, Rizal focused on literature rather than active involvement in reforms.

Filipino Culture in Education

Rizal emphasized understanding history and culture for national identity and independence.

Impact of Rizal’s Literature

Rizal's novels were influential in shaping Filipino national identity and inspiring revolution.