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Nikith with like 10 questions
Article 1
Establishes the Legislative Branch
Article 2
Establishes the Executive Branch
Article 3
Establishes the Judicial Branch
Article 4
explains the relationships between the states
Article 5
explains the process for amending the constitution
Article 6
discusses the Law of the land, supremacy of the Constitution
Article 7
explains the conditions for Ratification of the Constitution
Preamble
"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."
Ratify an Amendment
3/4 of state legislatures must approve the amendment
Amendment- Propose
2/3 House of Rep and Senate must vote
Term of office - Senate
6 years
Term of office - House of Representatives
2 years
Term of office - President
4 years
Most important federal court
The Supreme Court
Federalism
division of power between the states and the national governments
Each state has how many senators?
2
Each state has how many members of the House of Representatives
depends on the state's population
Republicanism
A form of government in which people elect representatives to create and enforce laws
Limited Government
The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Separation of Powers
Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
Popular Sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Individual Rights
Basic liberties and rights of all citizens are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers
4th Amendment
Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure
5th Amendment
The Right to Remain Silent, no Double Jeopardy, right to due process
6th Amendment
The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person
7th Amendment
Right to a trial by jury in civil cases
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment
9th Amendment
Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution
10th Amendment
Powers not given to federal government go to people and States
John Locke
English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.
Unalienable Rights
LIFE, LIBERTY, and the PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS - rights that cannot be taken away by the government
3/5 Compromise
the decision at the Constitutional convention to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of deciding the population and determining how many seats each state would have in Congress
The Great Compromise
Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
U.S. Constitution (1787)
Replaced the Articles of Confederation and established a functioning government. Established (1) federalist system, (2) separation of powers, (3) checks and balances, (4) Bill of Rights.
Who wrote the constitution
James Madison
When was it written
September 17, 1787
When was it ratified
March 9, 1789
Amendment 11
Prevents federal courts from hearing states get sued
Amendment 12
refined the process whereby a President and a Vice President are elected by the Electoral College
Amendment 15
Africans can vote
Amendment 16
Gave power for the federal government to collect income tax
Amendment 17
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. (Senators are now voted by people)
Amendment 19
Women get vote
Amendment 20
push back the start date to early January in order to shorten the “lame duck” session in election years
Amendment 22
No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice
Amendment 23
District of Columbia vote now for president because electoral college act as a state
Amendment 24
Prohibits poll tax in elections
Amendment 25
Vice president became president bc president no longer here, congress confirmed new VP
Amendment 26
Voting age is now 18
Amendment 27
Any paycheck raises for congress will take into affect after elections
When did the 3/5 compromise take place?
1787 constitutional convention, by James Wilson
When did the constitutional convention occur?
May 25, 1787 – Sep 17, 1787
Who created the first 10 amendments?
James Madison
Who is the father of the constitution?
James Madison
What branch can IMPEACH?
legislative branch
What is impeachment?
The accusation of a president, judge, or supreme court justice.
What is the JUDICIAL branch?
A branch that interprets the Constitution and decides whether or not a law is unconstitutional.
Who can veto? What does that do?
The bill passed to the president doesn't become a law if this is done.
What is the EXECUTIVE branch?
A branch that is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land, and responsible for military.
How many essays in the federalists papers?
85
Who wrote the federalist papers?
John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton
When were the federalist papers written?
October 1787 and May 1788
The _____________ must turn over all evidence and witnesses so defendant may be prepared
prosecution
If defendant doesn’t show for court, the _________ keeps the bail and issues another warrant for arrest
court
What is Criminal Procedure
Deals with the set of rules governing the series of proceedings through which the government enforces substantive criminal law.
The Articles of Confederation was the U.S.' first:
constitution
Under the Articles of Confederation, which government had the power to tax?
state
Why were the articles of confederation replaced by the constitution?
to make a more powerful central government while letting people have freedom
When were the articles of confederation ratified?
March 1st, 1781
Leader of the House of Representatives?
Speaker of the House
How many electoral votes must you get to win a presidential election?
270
How many electors in the electoral collage?
538
How many judges normally sit on the appellate court?
3
What branch is the supreme court part of?
Judicial
Who (or what group) must approve the newly picked judges?
The senate
Who picks federal judges?
The president
The supreme court has a chief justice and:
8 associate justices
The president must have lived in the US for at least:
14 years
Who writes tax bills?
HR
The constitution forbids what bill?
A bill of attainder
Who prints money?
congress
How many amendments were added by 1791?
10 (although 12 were proposed)
Where did the constitutional convention meet?
PHILADELPHIA
How many people signed the constitution?
39
who was the first speaker of the house of representatives
Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg
First Vice president?
John Adams (technically Aaron Burr was the first ELECTED one)
who was the first chief justice of the supreme court?
John Jay
One of the main authors for the declaration of independence:
Thomas Jefferson
What is the division of the government into 3 branches called?
The Separation of Powers
A person must be brought before the judge, and stated what his reason for arrest is: Habeas Corpus
Article 1, Section 9
Someone can not be punished for something they did before a law is passed.
Ex post facto
What an example of due process?
A fair trial
The president can limit the power of congress using a ________.
Veto
3 types of federal courts:
Supreme Court, Us District Courts, Circuit court of appeals.
What evidence is needed in order to prove treason?
2 witnesses must testify in open court or the accused person must admit guilt.
Note 
Flashcard (162)