Articles of the Constitution

Nikith with like 10 questions

Article 1

Establishes the Legislative Branch

Article 2

Establishes the Executive Branch

Article 3

Establishes the Judicial Branch

Article 4

explains the relationships between the states

Article 5

explains the process for amending the constitution

Article 6

discusses the Law of the land, supremacy of the Constitution

Article 7

explains the conditions for Ratification of the Constitution

Preamble

"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

Ratify an Amendment

3/4 of state legislatures must approve the amendment

Amendment- Propose

2/3 House of Rep and Senate must vote

Term of office - Senate

6 years

Term of office - House of Representatives

2 years

Term of office - President

4 years

Most important federal court

The Supreme Court

Federalism

division of power between the states and the national governments

Each state has how many senators?

2

Each state has how many members of the House of Representatives

depends on the state's population

Republicanism

A form of government in which people elect representatives to create and enforce laws

Limited Government

The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Separation of Powers

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law

Popular Sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

Individual Rights

Basic liberties and rights of all citizens are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment

Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure

5th Amendment

The Right to Remain Silent, no Double Jeopardy, right to due process

6th Amendment

The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person

7th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th Amendment

Powers not given to federal government go to people and States

John Locke

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

Unalienable Rights

LIFE, LIBERTY, and the PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS - rights that cannot be taken away by the government

3/5 Compromise

the decision at the Constitutional convention to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of deciding the population and determining how many seats each state would have in Congress

The Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

U.S. Constitution (1787)

Replaced the Articles of Confederation and established a functioning government. Established (1) federalist system, (2) separation of powers, (3) checks and balances, (4) Bill of Rights.

Who wrote the constitution

James Madison

When was it written

September 17, 1787

When was it ratified

March 9, 1789

Amendment 11

Prevents federal courts from hearing states get sued

Amendment 12

refined the process whereby a President and a Vice President are elected by the Electoral College

Amendment 15

Africans can vote

Amendment 16

Gave power for the federal government to collect income tax

Amendment 17

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. (Senators are now voted by people)

Amendment 19

Women get vote

Amendment 20

push back the start date to early January in order to shorten the “lame duck” session in election years

Amendment 22

No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice

Amendment 23

District of Columbia vote now for president because electoral college act as a state

Amendment 24

Prohibits poll tax in elections

Amendment 25

Vice president became president bc president no longer here, congress confirmed new VP

Amendment 26

Voting age is now 18

Amendment 27

Any paycheck raises for congress will take into affect after elections

When did the 3/5 compromise take place?

1787 constitutional convention, by James Wilson

When did the constitutional convention occur?

May 25, 1787 – Sep 17, 1787

Who created the first 10 amendments?

James Madison

Who is the father of the constitution?

James Madison

What branch can IMPEACH?

legislative branch

What is impeachment?

The accusation of a president, judge, or supreme court justice.

What is the JUDICIAL branch?

A branch that interprets the Constitution and decides whether or not a law is unconstitutional.

Who can veto? What does that do?

The bill passed to the president doesn't become a law if this is done.

What is the EXECUTIVE branch?

A branch that is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land, and responsible for military.

How many essays in the federalists papers?

85

Who wrote the federalist papers?

John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton

When were the federalist papers written?

October 1787 and May **1788**

The _____________ must turn over all evidence and witnesses so defendant may be prepared

prosecution

If defendant doesn’t show for court, the _________ keeps the bail and issues another warrant for arrest

court

What is Criminal Procedure

Deals with the set of rules governing the series of proceedings through which the government enforces substantive criminal law.

The Articles of Confederation was the U.S.' first:

constitution

Under the Articles of Confederation, which government had the power to tax?

state

Why were the articles of confederation replaced by the constitution?

to make a more powerful central government while letting people have freedom

When were the articles of confederation ratified?

March 1st, 1781

Leader of the House of Representatives?

Speaker of the House

How many electoral votes must you get to win a presidential election?

270

How many electors in the electoral collage?

538

How many judges normally sit on the appellate court?

3

What branch is the supreme court part of?

Judicial

Who (or what group) must approve the newly picked judges?

The senate

Who picks federal judges?

The president

The supreme court has a chief justice and:

8 associate justices

The president must have lived in the US for at least:

14 years

Who writes tax bills?

HR

The constitution forbids what bill?

A bill of attainder

Who prints money?

congress

How many amendments were added by 1791?

10 (although 12 were proposed)

Where did the constitutional convention meet?

PHILADELPHIA

How many people signed the constitution?

39

who was the first speaker of the house of representatives

Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg

First Vice president?

John Adams (technically Aaron Burr was the first ELECTED one)

who was the first chief justice of the supreme court?

John Jay

One of the main authors for the declaration of independence:

Thomas Jefferson

What is the division of the government into 3 branches called?

The Separation of Powers

A person must be brought before the judge, and stated what his reason for arrest is: Habeas Corpus

Article 1, Section 9

Someone can not be punished for something they did before a law is passed.

Ex post facto

What an example of due process?

A fair trial

The president can limit the power of congress using a ________.

Veto

3 types of federal courts:

Supreme Court, Us District Courts, Circuit court of appeals.

What evidence is needed in order to prove treason?

2 witnesses must testify in open court or the accused person must admit guilt.