APUSH - Chapter 10

Andrew Jackson's inauguration was.....

a large, rowdy event.

What did Andrew Jackson symbolize to most Americans during the "Age of Jackson"?

the triumph of political democracy

What was a voting requirement that all states except one had eliminated by 1860?

Owning Property

What motivated the actions that resulted in the Dorr War?

A desire to expand Rhode Island's voting laws to include those who didn't own property

By 1840, U.S. national identity was primarily defined by.....

Democratic political institutions

By 1840, approximately ____________ percent of adult white men were eligible to vote.

90

What was a broadly accepted idea in the United States in the 1830s that was also a departure from Western thought?

Sovereignty belongs to the mass ordinary of citizens

What name was given to the sharp increase in printing and the availability of printed material in the 1830s?

Information Revolution

What innovation led to mass production of newspapers and pamphlets in the 1820s and 1830s?

The use of steam power for presses

Which type of publication first began to be produced in the late 1820s?

"alternative" newspapers, such as labor and abolitionist publications

Which of the following was used as a justification for excluding women and blacks from voting during the Age of Jackson?

Both of these types of people lacked the necessary intellectual capacity to be voters.

What marked Herman Melville as unique in mid-nineteenth-century America?

He was an author who portrayed complex, heroic black characters

Which is true of the political positions of younger Republicans, such as Henry Clay, in the years immediately following the War of 1812?

They embraced the idea that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector

The "American System"

proposed providing federal financing of internal improvements, such as roads and canals.

What position did President James Madison take regarding government-sponsored economic development?

He insisted that a constitutional amendment would be required to empower the federal government to build roads and canals.

Which was a component of the American System?

The federal government would create a new national bank.

The Second Bank of the United States was created

by Congress in 1816, with the support of President Madison.

Which is true of paper money in America in the early nineteenth century?

It represented a promise to pay the bearer, on demand, a specific amount of gold or silver.

Which was a cause of the Panic of 1819?

a decline in the European market for American farm products

In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that

the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional.

What does the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" indicate about American politics in the nineteenth century?

Single-party rule did not result in the easing of sectional rivalries.

The term "Era of Good Feelings" refers to the period of American history when

there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration.

Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820,

the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones.

Why was a second Missouri Compromise necessary?

Missouri's state constitution barred free blacks from entering the state.

What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve?

the extension of slavery

As part of the Missouri Compromise, what free state was admitted to the Union?

Maine

Thomas Jefferson suggested that the Missouri controversy of 1820-1821

revealed a sectional divide that potentially threatened the Union.

How did Latin American republics established between 1810 and 1822 differ from the United States?

Latin American constitutions extended the right to vote to Indians and free blacks.

Which was a component of the Monroe Doctrine?

The United States vowed to oppose efforts by European powers to establish any new colonies in the Americas.

The 1823 Monroe Doctrine

reflected a rising sense of U.S. nationalism.

What political quality did Andrew Jackson and George Washington share?

an appeal to voters based at least partly on a history of military leadership

What argument does "The Memorial of the Non-Freeholders of the City of Richmond" make against the policy of granting the right to vote only to those who own property?

Land ownership is not evidence of superior intelligence or moral judgement.

What is the document "Appeal of Forty Thousand Citizens Threatened with Disenfranchisement" protesting?

an amendment to the Pennsylvania constitution restricting voting rights to whites

Why was Henry Clay charged with orchestrating a "corrupt bargain" during the 1824 election?

He cast his vote for Adams in the presidential election in return for a cabinet post.

In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes, thus requiring the House of Representatives to select a president?

Andrew Jackson

Which president's vision for America most resembled Alexander Hamilton's plans?

John Quincy Adams's

What did critics of the John Quincy Adams presidency accuse him of?

leading the federal government to overstep the bounds of what was constitutionally allowed

Which is true of John Quincy Adams?

He believed that a strong federal government enhanced personal liberty.

What future vision did John Quincy Adams have for the United States?

All of North America would eventually be part of the United States.

Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is true?

He wanted to see competition between political parties.

Which statement is true about the electoral college?

By 1828, voters chose the presidential electors in every state except South Carolina.

Which occurred during the election of 1828?

Adams's supporters questioned the morality of Andrew Jackson's wife, Rachel.

By the time of Jackson's presidency, politics

often emphasized individual politicians with mass followings and popular nicknames.

Which of the following characterizes the practice of politics in America during the Age of Jackson?

a mass spectacle that served as a kind of public entertainment

What was Andrew Jackson's stance on African-American slaves?

They should remain slaves or be freed and sent abroad.

The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called

the spoils system.

Many of the members of Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet, as his group of close advisers was known, were

newspaper editors

In the 1820s and 1830s, political party machines

provided benefits like jobs to loyal constituents.

Which characterizes newspapers during the Age of Jackson?

partisan, presenting issues through the lens of their own parties' platforms

What was a general belief of the Democrats in the 1830s?

New corporate enterprises were suspicious.

In the Age of Jackson, Democrats typically believed that

the government should stay out of economic affairs.

Which statement is a correct assessment of the Whigs?

They believed that the government should create the conditions for balanced and regulated economic development.

Which statement is true about the Whigs?

Whigs were strongest in the Northeast.

During Andrew Jackson's presidency, what occurred in the financial realm?

The national government debt was eliminated.

Which goal did Whigs consider an appropriate focus for the federal government?

spreading the "principles of morality"

Which state referred to the Tariff of 1828 as an "abomination"?

South Carolina

The nullification crisis

involved the fears of some slaveholders that the federal government might act against slavery.

Who wrote Exposition and Protest and emerged by the early 1830s as the most prominent spokesman for the right of nullification?

John C. Calhoun

What was the significance of the controversy over Peggy Eaton?

It solidified Martin Van Buren's position as Jackson's closest adviser.

Who argued in a famous debate with South Carolina's Robert Hayne that the people, not the states, created the Constitution?

Daniel Webster

What issue was argued during the Webster-Hayne debate?

a state's right to nullify a federal law

The Force Act of 1833

was "nullified" by South Carolina.

What position did Andrew Jackson take during the nullification crisis?

States did not have the right to secede and threaten the rest of the union.

The nullification crisis ended

with a compromise tariff.

Which statement is true about Indian removal in the 1820s and 1830s?

The increasing profitability of cotton motivated the United States to intensify efforts to seize Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw lands in order to expand cotton cultivation.

Which tribes were targeted by the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

the Five Civilized Tribes

In his Cherokee Nation v. Georgia opinion, Chief Justice John Marshall stated that

Indians were wards of the federal government.

What was the role of the Supreme Court in the protection of Native American lands?

The Supreme Court was unable to enforce any form of protection.

The U.S. Supreme Court's 1832 Worcester v. Georgia decision

supported the right of the Cherokee people to maintain a separate political identity.

Which Indian nation fought a war with the U.S. Army from 1835 to 1842 to resist removal to the West?

Seminole

Which statement is true about the Second Seminole War of 1835-1842?

Seminoles and African-Americans fought together.

Who was the president of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

Nicholas Biddle

What was the primary reason Andrew Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States?

He believed that no institution should possess such concentrated power and economic privilege, unaccountable to the people.

What is the significance of Andrew Jackson's actions during the Bank War?

His strong stance cemented his reputation as the symbolic representative of the common people.

"Hard money" in the 1830s referred to

gold and silver, also called "specie."

What triggered the Panic of 1837?

Jackson's war on the national bank

The Panic of 1837

was caused, in part, by a decline in British demand for American cotton.

What was President Martin Van Buren's new solution to the problem of what to do about the federal government's relationship to banking?

He proposed that federal funds be controlled by government officials rather than by bankers.

In the presidential election of 1840

the Whigs employed political tactics pioneered by Democrats.

Whose 1840 presidential campaign portrayed him as a common man who was born in a log cabin?

William Henry Harrison

In what way was the 1840 Whig campaign for president similar to recent presidential campaigns?

Both stressed that the presidential candidate can relate to the average citizen.

Which is true of the presidency of William Henry Harrison?

He died a month after taking office.

As president, John Tyler

vetoed a bill to create a new national bank, thus angering Whigs.