animal phylogeny/extinction and energy requirements
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33 Terms
what are phylogenies based on?
analyzing whole genomes, morphological traits, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, Hox genes, protein-coding nuclear genes, and mitochondrial genes
what is an inference in the animal phylogenetic tree all animals share?
a common ancestor
what animals are the sister group to all other animals ?
sponges (basal animals)
what is a clade of animals w tissues?
Eumetazoa
what clade do most animal phyla belong to?
Bilateria
what is significant of the clade Bilateria?
animals all in the clade have bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic, having 3 germ layers
sponges DON’T have any…
true tissues
what are the 3 major classes of bilaterian animals?
1.Dueterostomia
2.Lopotrochozoa
3.Ecdysozoa
what are the 4 distinct period of animal evolution ?
Neoproterozoic Era, Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, and Cenozoic Era
Neoproterozoic Era
1 Bil-542 mya
Paleozoic Era
542-251 mya
Mesozoic Era
251-65.5 mya
Cenozoic Era
65.5 mya- present
what era did mammals become to diversify the planet?
the Cenozoic Era
65 mya at the end of the cretaceous period…
dinosaurs became extinct
What occurred after the end of the Permian period ?
the largest mass extinction
endothermic
animals generate heat by metabolism
endotherms
warm blooded
endotherms can…
maintain a stable body temp. even during large fluctuations in environmental temp.
what animals are endotherms ?
birds and mammals
ectothermic
animals gain heat from external sources
ectotherms cannot…
maintain a constant body temp.
what animals are ectotherms?
invertebrates, fish, amphibians
endothermy is more…
energetically expensive than ectothermy
endothermy requires extensive amounts of…
energy to maintain a constant body temp.
basal metabolic rate
avg amnt of energy used by an organism in a non-active state
surface area to volume ratio is inversely or directly proportional to size?
inversely
a mouse or elephant has a higher SA:V?
a mouse
torpor
a physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
torpor enables animals to save energy while avoiding…
difficult and dangerous conditions
hibernation
long-term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity
summer torpor(estivation)
enables animals to survive long period of high temp. and scarce water
daily torpor
exhibited by small mammals and birds during the part of the day that’s closest