Mating and ART

When does mating usually occur

at peak female fertility (estrus)

What do females in estrus produce to attract

pheromones

signs of female receptivity

• tail movement

• urination

• lordosis (standing still)

what causes erection physiologically

• parasympathetic vasodilation

• Nitric oxide → cGMP → smooth muscle relaxation

what are the two phases of ejaculation

1. emission → seme enters urethra (sympathetic)

2. expulsion → semen exits penis (muscle contraction)

what are the four phases of sexual response

1. excitement

2. plateau

3. orgasm

4. resolution

what causes lubrication in females

fluid from vaginal capillaries (parasympathetic response)

what hormone is involved in orgasm

oxytocin

why use ART

• increase offspring production

• improve genetics

• support food production

• conserve endangered species