Magnification

fluorescent stains

absorbs light to re-emit at longer wavelengths.

makes images brighter.

immunoflurescent

fluorescent attached to specific chemicals.

tracks the movement of chemicals in a cell.

freeze fracture

cells are frozen in a very cold propane, then split apart and prepared.

allows cell structures to become visible.

cryogenic electron microscope

used for protein structure research.

magnification (def.)

how much bigger the image appears than the actual size.

field of view (fov)

visible circle seen through the ocular.

resolution

ability to distinguish 2 points as seperate or distinct.

magnification (measure)

image size / actual size

image size

magnification x actual

actual size

image / magnification

unicellular

all metabolic functions in one cell.

multicellular

cells are specialized, organized and dependent.

organized into compartments.

prokaryotes

have no membrane-enclosed compartments.

eukaryotes

have membrane-enclosed compartments called organelles, such as the nucleus.

advantages in eukaryotic cells being compartmentalized

• Efficiency of metabolism

• Localized conditions

• Toxic/damaging substances can be isolated

• The numbers & locations of organelles can be changed

all living things can do…

Metabolism

Response
Homeostasis
Growth
Excretion
Rreproduce
Nutrition

plasmids

dna molecule that is separate from, & can replicate independently of, the chromosomal DNA.

prokaryotes reproduce…

asexually. they clone themselves: copy dna, then split.

what’s in a prokaryote?

https://www.purposegames.com/game/6207db54

name the different prokaryote(s) and eukaryote(s)…

prokaryote: bacteria

eukaroyote: animal, plant, fungi, protist

cell theory

all living things are made of cells, “basic life units.” new cells arise from pre-existing cells.