Unit 5 notes biology 2 font (expanded)

Blastula

Hollow ball of cells

Blastopore

opening in blastula

Protostome

blastopore gives rise to mouth

Deuterostome

blastopore gives rise to anus

Endoderm

forms digestive and respiratory systems

Mesoderm

forms muscular, reproductive, circulatory, and excretory systems.

Ectoderm

forms nervous and integumentary systems

Coelom

Body cavity lined with mesoderm, providing space for internal organs

Pseudocoelomate

partially lined with mesoderm

Acoelomate

lack coelom between body wall and digestive tract

Coelomate

Complex animals have true body cavity completely lines with mesoderm

Germ Layers

The three primary layers in animal embryos that give rise to different tissues and organs

Triploblastic

three tissue layers

Diploblastic

two tissue layers

Dioecious

Species with separate male and female individuals

Monoecious

Species with both male and female reproductive organs in the same individual

Cephalization

concentration of sense organs and nerve cells

Pinacocytes

line the outer surface

Porocytes

regulate water circulation

Mesohyl

jellylike layer of cells under pinacocytes

Mesenchyme cells

amoeboid cells that function for reproduction, transporting and storing food

Choanocytes

collar cells that line the inner chamber

Spicules

needle like spikes for easier reproduction and catching prey

Spongin

fibrous material made of collagen

Ascon

vase like body form

Sycon

body form where walls appear folded

Leucon

body form with extensively branched canal system

Gemmules

asexual reproduction through gemmules

Epidermis

outer layer of the body wall

Gastrodermis

inner layer of the body wall

Mesoglea

between epidermis and gastrodermis

Cnidocytes

stinging cells of cnidarians

Cnida

organelle that contains the hollow tube filled with the stinging cells

Nematocysts

specialized cnidarians that are used for food, defense, and delivering a paralyzing toxin

Gastrovascular cavity

digestion, exchange of gases and waste, discharge of gametes

Planula larva

free-swimming larva

Gastrozooid

polyp in charge of capturing and digesting food

Gonozooid

budding polyps form medusae

Comb rows

comb jellies use them for movement

Colloblasts

adhesive cells, like superglue

Nerve cord

Notochord

Flexible rod of tissue providing support in chordates, functioning as a precursor to the vertebral column

Pharyngeal pouch/slit

gills or pharynx

Sessile Movement (Polyps)

use water currents to move

Free Swimming (Medusae)

have the ability to move themselves

Animal Kingdom Traits

Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Eukaryotic, Lack Cells Walls

Advantage to body cavity

room for specialized organs

Cnidarians

corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. 2 tissue layers, diploblastic.

Ctenophores

Comb jellies

Radial

Body parts extend outward from the center

Bilateral

Body parts have identical left and right sides

Asymmetrical

no symmetry

All Chordates have this

Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, tail, Pharyngeal pouch