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what are cations
positively charged ions
anions
negatively charged ions
what is an ionic bond
it forms between two atoms when an electron is transferred from one atom to another forming a positive-negative ion pair. it results in a stable compound
when can cations and anions form
when a metal reacts with a non metal by transferring electrons
what is a dot and cross diagram
A dot and cross diagram can model the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms. The electrons from one atom are shown as dots, and the electrons from the other atom are shown as crosses. For example, when sodium reacts with chlorine, electrons transfer from sodium atoms to chlorine atoms.
what are the element with shells always in in a dot and cross diagram
square brackets
what is an ion
its an atom or group of atoms with a positive r negative charge
how are ions formed
when atoms lose or gain electrons
do atoms loose/gain electrons in a metal and what do they form
lose
positively charged ions
do atoms loose/gain electrons in a non-metal and what do they form
gain
negatively charged ion
what is the charge of the ion
what ever group they are in they loose or gain electrons so groups 1-3 gain 1,2 or 3 electrosn while groups 6+7 loose 1/2 and so however many they loose/gain will be the charge followed by a + is they lose and a - if they gained
ending for ionic compounds if there are two elements
ide
what is NaCl
sodium chloride
what is K₂O
pottasium oxide
when two non metals react what is the ending
what are the prefixes
Mono
Di
Tri
Tetra
what is CCl₄
carbon tetrachloride
what is SO₃
sodium trioxide
ending for ionic compounds if its three
ate
order for three elements in an ionic compound
metal + non metal + oxygen
in pottasium carbonate what is chemicaly joined
cqrbon and oxygen
what is a diatomic element
A diatomic element is when they come in pairs so their symbol/formular is for oxygen O₂, nitrogen N₂, hydrogen H₂ so they all have a little two
Diatomic elements are all of group 7
what is NH₄
ammonium
what is OH‾
hydroxide
what is NO₃‾
nitrate
whats HCO₃‾
hydrogen carbonate
whats CO₃²‾
carbonate
whats SO₄²‾
sulfate
charges of ions in the groups
Group 1 = +1
Group 2 = +2
Group3 = +3
Group 4 = + or - 4 but they tend just to share ions instead
Group 5 = -3
Group 6 = -2
Group 7 = -1
whats relative formular mass of (NH₄)₂SO₂
n this you have 2 nitrogen atoms, 8 hydrogen, 1 sulphur and 2 oxygen which makes 10 atoms in (NH₄)₂SO₂
Multiply them with their relative atomic mass
N 2x14=28
H 4×2=8
S 1x32=32
O 2x16=32
Add them altogether
28+8+32+32=100
Atomic mass unit = 132 (amu)
what is relative formular mass
when you take how many times you get a specifuc atom in a compound and times that bybuts relative atomic mass then add that to all the other atoms in the compound u get the amu
what does a dot mean e.g. CuSO₄.5H₂O
everytinf after the dot also has a five so five hydrogen and 5 oxygen
whats an ionic bond
An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions