ionic bonds\/

what are cations

positively charged ions

anions

negatively charged ions

what is an ionic bond

it forms between two atoms when an electron is transferred from one atom to another forming a positive-negative ion pair. it results in a stable compound

when can cations and anions form

when a metal reacts with a non metal by transferring electrons

what is a dot and cross diagram

A dot and cross diagram can model the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms. The electrons from one atom are shown as dots, and the electrons from the other atom are shown as crosses. For example, when sodium reacts with chlorine, electrons transfer from sodium **atoms** to chlorine atoms.

what are the element with shells always in in a dot and cross diagram

square brackets

what is an ion

its an atom or group of atoms with a positive r negative charge

how are ions formed

when atoms lose or gain electrons

do atoms loose/gain electrons in a metal and what do they form

lose

positively charged ions

do atoms loose/gain electrons in a non-metal and what do they form

gain

negatively charged ion

what is the charge of the ion

what ever group they are in they loose or gain electrons so groups 1-3 gain 1,2 or 3 electrosn while groups 6+7 loose 1/2 and so however many they loose/gain will be the charge followed by a + is they lose and a - if they gained

ending for ionic compounds if there are two elements

ide

what is NaCl

sodium chloride

what is K₂O

pottasium oxide

when two non metals react what is the ending

* The ending is also ide but you use roots to count how many (the prefix)
* E.g. CO₂ is carbon dioxide but CO is carbon monoxide

what are the prefixes

Mono



Di



Tri



Tetra

what is CCl₄

carbon tetrachloride

what is SO₃

sodium trioxide

ending for ionic compounds if its three

ate

order for three elements in an ionic compound

metal + non metal + oxygen

in pottasium carbonate what is chemicaly joined

cqrbon and oxygen

what is a diatomic element

A diatomic element is when they come in pairs so their symbol/formular is for oxygen O₂, nitrogen N₂, hydrogen H₂ so they all have a little two



Diatomic elements are all of group 7

what is NH₄

ammonium

what is OH‾

hydroxide

what is NO₃‾

nitrate

whats HCO₃‾

hydrogen carbonate

whats CO₃²‾

carbonate

whats SO₄²‾

sulfate

charges of ions in the groups

Group 1 =  +1



Group 2 =  +2



Group3 = +3



Group 4 =  + or - 4 but they tend just to share ions instead



Group 5 = -3



Group 6 = -2



Group 7 = -1

whats relative formular mass of (NH₄)₂SO₂

n this you have 2 nitrogen atoms, 8 hydrogen, 1 sulphur and 2 oxygen which makes 10 atoms in (NH₄)₂SO₂

Multiply them with their relative atomic mass

N    2x14=28

H    4×2=8

S    1x32=32

O   2x16=32  

Add them altogether  

28+8+32+32=100  

Atomic mass unit = 132 (amu)

what is relative formular mass

when you take how many times you get a specifuc atom in a compound and times that bybuts relative atomic mass then add that to all the other atoms in the compound u get the amu

what does a dot mean e.g. CuSO₄.5H₂O

everytinf after the dot also has a five so five hydrogen and 5 oxygen

whats an ionic bond

An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions