A+P quiz #2

flashcards, VTs, chapter exercises

Differences between male and female pelvis

male= tilted less forward, adapted for support of heavier build/stronger muscles, narrow and deep, markings are more prominent, acetabula is larger, and closer together pubic arch is more acute, less move able, Issues spine is Longer, sharper in point more medially

female= tilted forward, adapted for childbearing, defines birth canal, broad and shallow, greater capacity, bones are lighter, thinner, smoother acetabula is smaller and farther apart pubic arch has a broader angle and more rounded, She spine is shorter farther apart and goes in

Which bones are included in the axial skeleton? Which for the appendicular skeleton?

axial= skull, vertebrae, ribs, sacrum, coccyx

appendicular= pelvis, legs, feet, shoulders, clavicle, arms, hands

What are the differences between compact and spongy bone?

Compact bone – dense, made of osteons

Sponge ball – lots of open spaces, composed of small columns of bones

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection, may be roughened (ex tibular tuberosity)

Crest

Narrow Ridge of bone, usually prominent (ex lilac crest)

Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregular shaped process (ex. on femur by neck)

Line

Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than crest (ex on neck of femur)

Tubercle

Small rounded projection or process (ex. by epicondyle on femur)

Epicondyle

Raised area on above a condo (ex. on femurs)

Process

Bony prominence (ex mastoid process)

Facet

Smooth, nearly flat particular surface (ex where ribs connects to sternum)

Condyle

rounded articulated projection (ex occipital condoles)

Ramus

arm like bar on bone (ex mandible)

Fissure

Narrow, slit like opening (ex. in eye sockets)

foramen

Round/oval opening through a bone (ex optic foramen)

Notch

Indentation at the edge of a structure (ex trochlear notch)

Meatus

Canal like passage

Fossa

Shallow basin like depression in a bone often serving as an articular surface (ex sub scapular fossa)

What goes through the carotid canal?

carotid artery and carotid nerves through temporal bone

What goes through the foramen ovale?

opening in sphenoid bone/mandible for nerves, arteries, and veins

What goes through the jugular foramen?

jugular vein, nerves (vagus) on either side of foramen magnum

What goes through the optic canal/foramen?

optic nerve and artery from skull to eye

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

Frontal sinus, ethmoidal air cells, sphenoid sinus, maxillary sinus (top to bottom) Checkers

Sections of vertebral column

Top to bottom: cervical (7) → thoracic (12) → lumbar (5) → sacral (5 fused) → coccyx (4 fused)

How to tell cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae apart

Cervical – atlas has no body, axis has tooth like process, has transverse foramen

Thoracic- has costal facets for ribs on each side of body

Lumbar- spinous process is more a square from the side